Underground nuclear tests in tuff, alluvium, rock salt, and granite have yielded data essential to the evaluation of the effects of contained nuclear detonations. The data indicate that for these mediums the cavity radius is predictable within ñ20 per cent without regard to the physical or chemical properties of the rock in the immediate shot environment. Properties of the chimney of broken rock resulting from collapse of the cavity, on the other hand, are found to be related to the physical properties of the rock and to preshot structural weaknesses within the rock. Introduction. Recent underground nuclear tests conducted by the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission have yielded data on the effects of contained nuclear explosions in four rock mediums: tuff, alluvium, rock salt, and granite. This report presents and compares data. obtained primarily through exploratory mining and drilling into the postshot environments of 35 such events.With one exception, these events were either weapons development or military effects tests. Only five were explored in detail for the purpose of defining the environment after the shot; the remainder were usually explored after the shot with two or three drilled holes. As a result, the data are not as complete as would be desirable. However, comparison of the available data does provide a measure of the sensitivity of explosion-produc'ed effects to the properties and structures of the containing rock medium.The phenomena considered in this report are (1) the cavity created by the expansion of the explosion-produced gases, (2) the chimney of broken rock resulting from collapse of the cavity, and (3) the zone of fractured rock immediately beyond the chimney.Cavities. The sizes and shapes of cavities produced by contained nuclear explosions were inferred primarily from drilling data obta.ined in the region below the shot point. It was impossible to measure the roof of the cavity above the shot point because in all cases the original cavity produced by the explosion collapsed within seconds to hours after detonation of the device.

The hardships of war affect all members of society. Those most acutely affected are service members and their families. Civilian service personnel mobilized within an active reserve component experience a disruption of life style which can cause stress. Service members are trained to be effective soldiers, but very little training is provided to service members or their families on the wartime stresses they face. The psychiatric army reserve unit based in Minneapolis developed a family support program for three phases of wartime stress: (1) pre-deployment, (2) deployment, and (3) reunification and sustainment. Recommendations are provided for family support in future wartime situations.

This report was prepared as an account of Government sponsored work. Neither the United Stntes, nor the Commission. nor any person acting on behalt of the Commission:A. Makes anywarranty or representation. expressed or implied. wth respect to the aceuracy. completeness, or usefulness of the information contained in thia report. or that the use of any information. apparatus, method, or process disclosed in this report may not infringe privately o w e d rights; or B. As8Umes any liabilities with respect to the use of. or for damages resulting from the use of any information, apparatus, method. or process disclosed in this report.As used in the above. "person actlng on behalf of the Commission" includes any employee or contractor of the Commission. or employee of such contractor. to the extent that such employee or contractor of the Commission. or employee of such contractor prepares.disseminates. or provides acce.93 to, any information pursuant to his employment or contract with the Commission, or hie employment with such contractor.

This is an informal report intended primarily for internal or limited external distribution. The opinions and conclusions stated m those of the author and may or may not be those of the Laboratory.

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