Resumo-O controle fitossanitário das doenças pode ser considerado um fator decisivo na produção do maracujazeiro. O método químico, associado ao cultural e ao genético, consiste na melhor estratégia para reduzir as perdas provocadas pelas doenças fúngicas, bacterianas e viróticas desta frutífera. No caso do controle químico existem vários fungicidas protetores e sistêmicos disponíveis, com destaque para aqueles formulados com triazóis e estrobilurinas. O controle cultural pode contribuir para a aplicação de fertilização equilibrada, a destruição de restos culturais, a adoção de quebra-ventos, entre outras. Numa perspectiva futura será fundamental a disponibilidade de cultivares resistentes adaptadas às diferentes regiões do Brasil. Termos para indexação: Passiflora; fungicidas; controle cultural; controle genético. Control of passion fruit diseases: current status and perspectives Abstract-Phytosanitary control of diseases can be considered a crucial factor in the production of passion fruit. The chemical control associated to cultural and genetic approaches, may be the best way to reduce the losses caused by the fungal, bacterial and viral diseases of this fruit. There are several protective and systemic fungicides available for the chemical control, especially triazoles and strobilurins formulations. Recommended cultural control practices would be a balanced fertilization, destruction of cultural remains, adoption of windbreaks, etc. In a future perspective, the availability of resistant cultivars adapted to the different regions of Brazil will be important.

RESUMO:A mangicultura praticada no Submédio do Vale do São Francisco é considerada um dos principais destaques no comércio externo do País. Dentre as diversas variedades cultivadas, a Tommy Atkins é a que representa a maior parte das exportações. Entretanto, a magnitude das perdas por podridões pós--colheita, causadas por fungos Botryosphaeriaceae, é sempre uma grande preocupação para exportadores e importadores da fruta. A busca por métodos de controle mais eficazes e limpos é uma tendência mundial. Nesse sentido, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a reação de frutos, de 47 acessos de mangueiras, quanto à resistência aos fungos Fusicoccum aesculis e Neofusicoccum parvum. As inoculações foram realizadas mediante deposição de disco do meio de cultura batata-dextrose-ágar (BDA), contendo estruturas do pató-geno sobre duas posições opostas na região equatorial da manga, mantido, posteriormente, por 24 horas em câmara úmida. Foram realizadas medições das lesões até o sétimo dia, com uma régua milimetrada. Com os registros dos crescimentos das lesões, foram calculadas as taxas diárias de crescimento da lesão (TDCL's) para cada acesso. As maiores TDCLs foram observadas nos acessos 'Roxa' e 'Lita', quando inoculados com F. aesculis, e nos acessos 'Roxa', 'Ruby', 'Papo de peru', 'CPAC 22/93', 'Pingo-de-ouro', 'Pêssego' e 'M13269', quando inoculados com N. parvum. Os acessos 'Nego-não-chupa', 'Manga-d'água', 'Juazeiro VI', 'Juazeiro VII' e 'Favo-de-mel' foram os que apresentaram, concomitantemente, as menores TDCLs para ambos os patógenos e diferenças significativas em relação aos demais acessos. Termos para indexação: Podridão peduncular, Botryosphaeriaceae, Mangifera indica. RESISTANCE AVALIATION OF 47 MANGO GERMPLASM TO THE FUNGIFusicoccum aesculis AND Neofusicoccum parvum ABSTRACT -The production of mango in the San Francisco Valley lower basin is considered one of the highlights in the export of the fruit by the country. Fruits of the cultivar Tommy Atkins are the most exported. However, the magnitude of losses due to post-harvest rots caused by fungi Botryosphaeriaceae is always a major concern for the exporter and importer of fruit. The search for control methods more effective and clean is a worldwide trend. The objective of this study was to evaluate the reaction of the fruits of 47 mango genotypes, for resistance to fungi Fusicoccum aesculis and Neofusicoccum parvum. The inoculations were performed by means of deposition culture medium discs potato-dextrose-agar (PDA) containing the pathogen structures on two positions perpendicular to the mango, and then maintained for 24 hours in a humid chamber.

The fungi Lasiodiplodia theobromae and Neofusicoccum parvum are pathogens responsible for causing dieback disease in mangoes. Studies on the inheritance of resistance to these fungal diseases in mango are quite limited. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the inheritance of resistance to dieback disease in three pseudo-F 2 progenies to assist in mango breeding programs. Young branches containing young leaves were selected, and suspension of 10 3 conidia/mL of L. theobromae or N. parvum was sprayed separately. After inoculation, leaves were protected in a plastic wet chamber for 48 hours. The infection was estimated by taking the branches without symptoms/total number of inoculated branches. Plants without disease symptoms in more than 90% of the branches, in three different inoculation periods, were considered as resistant. Keitt, Haden, and Espada cultivars were resistant to both fungi, while 'Tommy Atkins' was susceptible to both pathogens. Monogenic resistance, conferred by recessive alleles, was observed for L. theobromae for the three crossings evaluated, despite the 13:3 segregation detected for 'Keitt' x 'Tommy Atkins'. For N. parvum, recessive resistance with 3:1 monogenic segregation was observed in the crossing 'Keitt' x 'Tommy Atkins', and 9:7 epistatic segregation was reported in the crossing 'Haden' x 'Tommy Atkins' and 'Espada x 'Tommy Atkins'. The mono or digenic inheritance observed in the present study indicates the possibility of selection in the F 2 generation and identification of plants with double resistance to L. theobromae and N. parvum in mango trees.

Vitis vinifera cv. BRS Vitória is a seedless black table grape cultivar with an extremely pleasant flavor and is adapted to cultivation in all Brazilian regions. Between November and December 2021, grape berries presenting typical ripe rot symptoms were found in three vineyards located in Petrolina, Pernambuco Brazil. The first symptoms are small and depressed lesions on ripe berries, presenting tiny black acervuli. As the disease progress, lesions enlarge and affect the whole fruit, and abundant orange masses of conidia can be observed. Finally, berries become completely mummified. Symptoms were observed in the three vineyards visited, and disease incidence was above 90%. Some producers are considering eradicating the plantations due to the losses caused by the disease. Control measures used so far are costly and ineffective. Fungal isolation was performed by transferring conidial masses from 10 diseased fruit to plates containing potato dextrose agar medium. Cultures were incubated at 25 °C under continuous light. Seven days after inoculation, three fungal isolates (LM1543–1545) were obtained and subcultivated in pure culture for species identification and pathogenicity test. Isolates presented white to grey cottony mycelia, and hyaline conidia with cylindrical with rounded ends, which resemble the genus Colletotrichum (Sutton 1980). Partial sequences of APN2-MAT/IGS, CAL, and GAPDH loci were amplified, sequenced, and deposited on GenBank (OP643865–OP643872). Isolates from V. vinifera were placed within the clade including the ex-type and representative isolates of C. siamense. The clade was strongly supported (99.8% bootstrap support) in the maximum likelihood multilocus tree of the three loci combined, which confidently assign the isolates to this species. Inoculation on grape bunches was performed to confirm pathogenicity. Grape bunches were surface sterilized for 30 s in 70% ethanol, 1 min in 1.5% NaOCl, rinsed two times with sterile distilled water, and air-dried. Fungal conidial suspensions (106 conidia mL-1) were sprayed to the point of run-off. The negative control was represented by grape bunches sprayed with sterile distilled water. Grape bunches were kept in a humid chamber for 48 h at 25 °C and a light period of 12 h. The experiment was conducted with four replicates (four inoculated bunches per isolate) and repeated once. Typical ripe rot symptoms were observed on grape berries 7 days after inoculation. No symptoms were observed on the negative control. The fungal isolates recovered from inoculated berries were morphologically identical to the C. siamense isolates originally recovered from symptomatic berries collected in the field, fulfilling Koch’s postulates. Colletotrichum siamense was reported in association with grape leaves in USA (Weir et al. 2012) and causing grape ripe rot in North America (Cosseboom & Hu 2022). Only C. fructicola, C. kahawae, C. karsti, C. limetticola, C. nymphaeae and C. viniferum were reported causing grape ripe rot in Brazil (Echeverrigaray et al. 2020). To our knowledge, this is the first report of C. siamense causing grape ripe rot in Brazil. This finding is important for disease management because C. siamense has a high phytopathogenic potential due to its wide distribution and host range.

Mango growing is one of the main agricultural activities in the fruit sector in Brazil for the internal and export market. The crop is subject to damage caused by the fungi Lasiodiplodia theobromae and Neofusicoccum parvum, especially mango dieback disease, which limits the yield and longevity of the mango tree. In spite of the importance of these pathogens, studies regarding sources of resistance in mango are rare. The aim of this study was to evaluate 75 accessions of mango available in the germplasm bank regarding resistance to the fungi L. theobromae and N. parvum to support breeding programs for mango growing. Evaluations were carried out from Apr 2016 to Mar 2018. Conidia suspensions of 10 4 conidia mL -1 of L. theobromae or N. parvum were applied with a manual sprayer on young branches. Accessions were considered resistant when disease symptoms were absent on more than 90% of the branches at three different periods of inoculation. Thirty-three accessions showed resistance to L. theobromae and 19 accessions showed resistance to N. parvum. Six accessions were most susceptible (<50%) to L. theobromae, whereas 25 accessions were most susceptible to N. parvum. The accessions 'Apple DCG', 'Ataulfo', 'Da porta', 'Dashehari', 'Espada', 'Haden', 'Haden 2H', 'Heidi', 'Irwin', 'Keitt', 'Kent', 'Néldica', 'Recife', and 'Smith' showed resistance to the two pathogens and can be used as sources of resistance to the two fungi in mango breeding studies, or these accessions can even be recommended for use as commercial cultivars.