This paper is concerned with a basic study of optical cavitation or cavitation induced by a high intensity laser beam. The work deals with the collective behavior of several bubbles induced independently and simultaneously. The experimental setup to produce and to visualize bubbles and shock waves in the liquid (water) is described. Bubbles dynamics in an infinite medium is displayed in sequential photographs (framing and streak). The visualizations show such interesting results as strong asymmetries, deformations, attraction or repulsion, and premature implosion due to bubble-interface/shock-wave-radiated-upon-collapse impact.

Both MOS capacitors and N-type MOSFETs with gate oxide around 2.4-2.7 nm were fabricated using standard CMOS We report nonlinear characteristics of Weibull time-to-processes. Both N2° Oxides and oxides grown On nitrogen observed on ultra thin oxides. We develop a numerical model to 'Onstant "Itage technique was adopted with initial breakdown distributions and non-poisson area scaling behavior Implanted si substrates (N2 oxides) were used in this work.quantitatively account for these effects in the context of current breakdown events defined as Oxide breakdown [31. Oxide modulation due to oxide thickness It is found that thickness was determined from capacitance measurement without proper treatment of current modulation effect, the use accounting for surface quantization and poly depletion effects. of Weibull slopes at higher failure percentiles can lead to erroneous and pessimistic reliability projection.

The focused beam from a Nd:YAG laser (λ=0.532 μm) is used to generate cavitation bubbles in water. Optics of short focal length have been shown to be the most suitable for producing a single bubble in a definite place. Some typical photographs of bubbles obtained are presented. These prove that the laser is a useful tool for the study of simulated cavitation in the laboratory.

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