may be cited. I n Europe extensive work was carried out over many years on the Danish shallow-water fjords (PETERSEN, 1918) but little attention was paid to the hydrography. Later workers ( W O H L E N B~, 1937, VOELET andMENACHE. 1947, CASPERS, 1954, SMITH, 1955,1956 have examined this aspect of estuarine conditions. ROCHF~RD (1951) has discussed the hydrography of various types of Australian estuary and HARDENBERG (1951) estuarine problems in south-east Asia, NASH (1947) and TULLY (1949) have examined estuaries in North America. In South Africa estuarine investigations have been made by DAY (1951), DAY and coworkers (1952,1965,1956), SCOTT et al. HARDEN MIL LARD and HARRISON (1954) and MILLARD and SCOTT (1954).There is little information on small muddy harbours, such as Chichester Harbour, having a high salinity and an extremely small freshwater influx and SO scarcely to be termed river estuaries. The extensive work of MACGINITIE (1935) on a tributary of Monterey Bay, California, is in this category, but this paper gives little hydrographic data.From 1945 t o 1957 the Admiralty Corrosion Committee conducted field trials of materials from rafts moored in Chichester Harbour, Sussex (Fig. 1 , 1-111). The proper evaluation of these trials necessitated a study of some aspects of the physical and biological conditions in the harbour, in particular the hydrographic conditions and the attached fauna and florathe 'fouling community'. Previous work on the area is scanty. HENDEY (1951) described the diatom flora of Chi-Chester Harbour and gave some hydrographic data. PERBATON (1953) published a short account of the salt marshes fringing this and the adjacent Langstone and Portsmouth harbours. On the meteorological side WATTS (1955) related air temperature over Thorney Island and sea temperature data from the Admiralty Corrosion Committee's Chichester Harbour raft site to the occurrence of seabreezes in the district. The present report describes the topography and hydrographic conditions in Chichester Harbour, lists the main algal and faunistic elements and describes the fluctuations in abundance of several attached species.Whilst one of us (H. G. S.) has been responsible for writing up the physical and chemical data, the biological sections and the final report are a joint production of both authors. P h y s i c a l F a c t o r s TopographyChichester, Langstone and Portsmouth Harbours were formed primarily by the flooding of low-lying ground bordering small streams originally tributaries of an extended River Frome (STEERS 1953). Buried peat beds and historical records confirm this sinking of the land (SHORE 1894). WHITE (1913) stated that the harbours were extending in area and silting up, a process accelerated by the development of the Bpartina beds. Chichester Harbour (Fig. 1) is an expanse of shallow water situated across the Hampshire-Sussex border between Hayling Island, Thorney Island and the adjacent parts of Sussex. It opens to the English Channel by a comparatively narrow mouth between Sandy Point, Hayling I...
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