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Smart environments based on wireless sensor networks represent the next evolutionary development step in engineering, such as industrial automation, video surveillance, traffic monitoring, and robot control. Sensory data come from multiple networks of interconnected sensors with complex distributed locations. The recent development of communication and sensor technology results in the growth of a new attractive and challenging area: wireless sensor networks (WSNs). A wireless sensor network which consists of a large number of sensor nodes is deployed in environmental fields to serve various applications. Facilitated with the ability of wireless communication and intelligent computation, these nodes become smart sensors that do not only perceive ambient physical parameters but also are able to process information, cooperate with each other, and self-organize into the network. These new features assist the sensor nodes as well as the network to operate more efficiently in terms of both data acquisition and energy consumption.