Alloys of chromium have a long history of success in the surgical treatment of many orthopaedic defects. Nonetheless, prostheses loosening are commonly found around arthoplasties due to corrosion of metals. On this basis, it is hypothesized that chromium accumulation interferes with remodeling of bone. The present study aims to analyse the toxic effects of chromium on bone phosphatases in various regions of the bone in rats. Rats were treated with chromium intraperitoneally (0.5 mg/kg) in the form of potassium dichromate for 5 days. The accumulation of chromium is approximately 5.2-fold in the vertebrae, 8.9-fold in the femur and 8.7-fold in the calvaria, when compared to control. Chromium administration significantly reduced the activity of enzymes, eg, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP). The study revealed a significant increase in the concentration of calcium, altered bone formation rate and bone morphology in the femur, vertebrae and calvaria. The interesting findings of the current study suggest altered bone turnover.

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The effect of phosphorus doping on the composition and capacitance properties of mesoporous graphitic carbon nitride (MGCN) is investigated systemically and reported in this article. Pristine and phosphorous doped MGCN are synthesized by using a biocompatible template, carboxymethyl cellulose, and orthophosphoric acid as a dopant. Powder X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopic studies confirm the formation of stacked layers of MGCN. Vibrational and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic studies reveal that phosphorus is doped preferentially on the sites of carbon and, thereby induces defects. The defect and surface area are found to increase on increasing the dopant concentration. Owing to the presence of functionalities, such as P-O and C-P, P-doped MGCN delivers higher specific capacitance than pristine MGCN at all current rates. A symmetrical supercapacitor device fabricated using the electrodes of MGCN synthesized using 0.5 g of dopant delivers an energy density of 17.22 Wh kg −1 at a power density of 500 W kg −1 .