One of the most loaded units affecting the reliability of DC machines is the collector-brush unit. There is a continuous process of mechanical, electrical and chemical interaction of the electric brushes with the collector during operation of the DC motor, which increases the wear of the electric brushes. In a result of the analysis of the works, devoted to the study of the operation of the collector-brush unit’s elements, the authors proposed a mathematical model for determining the intensity of wear of electric brushes, which allows taking into account the effect of the collector profile on the electric brushes wear intensity. The basic data and dependencies for modelling the movement of the electric brush on the collector surface, which based on the design scheme, are presented. A distinctive feature of the developed scheme is that the elastic force at the contact of the brush with the surface of the collector is determined from the side of each collector plate. For the above scheme, a system of differential equations is compiled, allowing simulating the movement of the brush in the radial and tangential direction during its interaction with the surface of the collector. The resulting mathematical model allows us to determine the trajectory of the brush and the oscillations of the elastic force that occurs at the point of contact of the brush with the collector, with different parameters of the collector-brush unit’s elements and modes of operation of the machine, causing a certain frequency of rotation of the armature. Taking into account the above mathematical model, a software product has been developed for calculating the wear rate of DC motor electric brushes during its operation. The practical value of the work is that the use of the developed software allows you to find more optimal operating parameters for the collector-brush unit of DC motor with a minimum of time.
The paper is devoted to the simulation of the test complex designed for energy-efficient load testing of induction machines by the method of mutual load with the exchange of electrical energy through the network. It is noted that for other similar test schemes, the mathematical model will have a slightly different form, but it will be identical in terms of asynchronous machines, network and frequency converter. The compiled mathematical model of the test complex allows studying the variable parameters of the system in all elements of the test scheme in static and dynamic modes of operation as well. The synthesized mathematical model can be used to determine the parameters of the equipment in the designed test complexes if the parameters of the test and load machines are known. The results of simulation of the test complex for the given parameters of the test and load induction machines are obtained.
Актуальность исследования определяется необходимостью повышения надежности работы подвижного состава (карьерных самосвалов), обеспечивающего добычу угля открытым способом. Такую же актуальность данная проблема имеет в отрасли железнодорожных перевозок – на подвижном составе железных дорог. Безотказность работы подвижного состава определяется надежностью функционирования его отдельных узлов. Как известно из анализа отказов подвижного состава транспортных средств с коллекторными тяговыми электродвигателями, одним из критичных элементов для них является щеточный аппарат. Известные способы прогнозирования не используют в полной мере возможности современных бортовых систем мониторинга режимов работы тяговых электродвигателей. Следовательно, актуальной задачей является повышение точности прогнозирования остаточного ресурса электрощеток за счет учета показателей режимов работы, фиксируемых бортовой системой мониторинга. Цель: разработка способа прогнозирования остаточного ресурса электрощеток тяговых электродвигателей карьерных самосвалов с учетом показателей режимов работы, получаемых от бортовой системы мониторинга. Объект: электрощетки тяговых электродвигателей карьерных самосвалов. Методы: проведение математического анализа данных бортовых систем мониторинга, математическое моделирование процесса изнашивания электрощеток, синтез способа прогнозирования остаточного ресурса щеток тягового электродвигателя. Результаты. Разработан способ прогнозирования остаточного ресурса щеток тяговых электродвигателей, позволяющий учесть показатели режимов работы в условиях реальной эксплуатации. Повышена точность определения остаточного ресурса электрощеток за счет применения в процессе прогнозирования массивов данных, полученных от бортовой системой мониторинга. Разработан алгоритм прогнозирования, который может быть применен в бортовых электронных системах подвижного состава для индикации остаточного ресурса электрощеток.
The paper describes the issues of operation of electric machines of various types. A wide adoption of asynchronous electric drives in various fields is noted. The relevance of the issue of embedding test complexes at companies conducting repairs, both asynchronous motors and direct current machines with different excitation types, is justified. The importance of the application modern power-saving technologies in the process of repair of electric machines is noted. One such technology is the method of mutual loading. Proposed scheme makes it possible to carry out tests by means of method of mutual loading such as induction motors, and direct-current machines with serial and independent (parallel) excitation. The effect is that the proposed scheme has a much lower cost compared to the total cost of schemes designed for testing of electric machines of the same types.
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