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Coal liquefaction experiments using a 400-lb/day• bubble-column reactor tested the catalytic effects of added mineral matter level on coal conversion, desulfurization, and distillate yields in continuous operation under recycle conditions, with specific emphasis on the use of a disposable pyrite catalyst indigenous to the feed coal. Western Kentucky fill run-of-mine (ROM) and "washed" coals were used as feedstocks to determine the effects of levels of mineral matter, specifically iron compounds. Liquefaction reactivity as characterized by total distillate yield was lower for "washed'' coal, which contained less mineral matter. Liquefaction reactivity was regained when pyrite concentrate was added as a disposable catalyst to the "washed" coal feed in sufficient quantity to match the feed iron concentration of the run-of-mine coal liquefaction test run.

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This study investigates the use of supported and dispersed coal liquefaction catalysts in coal-oil coprocessing and petroleum-only systems. The focus of the study was delineating the effects of coal concentration, pressure, and catalyst type. EXPERIMENTAL Materials-The reactants used include Hondo resid (vacuum tower bottoms) and fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) decant oil. The Hondo resid was an 850' F' boiling material from a vacuum distillation tower. The FCC decant oil was a distillate product from an FCC unit and contained 36% 850°F' boiling material. Illinois No. 6 and Blind Canyon bituminous coals were used. Several unsupported catalysts were investigated including aqueous ammonium heptamolybdate (AHM), preformed MoS2 (surface area of 261 m2/g generated from aqueous AHM), Moly-Van-A, Moly-Van-L, sulfated iron oxide and FeOOH impregnated on coal [Z]. Three different supported catalysts were evaluated, two commercial NiMoly-Al203 catalysts (Akzo AO-60 and Amocat 1C) and a novel HT0:Sisupported NMo catalyst in coated form (on an Amocat y-Al203 extrudate) based on hydrous metal oxide technology developed at Sandia National Laboratories. The synthesis of ion exchangeable silica-doped hydrous titanium oxide (HTO: Si) supports and HT0:Si-supported NiMo catalysts in both bulk and coated forms has been discussed DISCLAIMER This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, make any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disdased, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof.