Water is an important component of human life. His existence and growth are inextricably connected to water. Water is utilised for human necessities such as drinking, washing, bathing, cooking, and so on. Irrigation and industry both require water for the production of food and other necessities. Sewage and waste industrial effluents are being mixed with fresh water streams in many areas throughout the world, affecting humans, animals, and plants. Anantapuramu is a significant city in the Rayalaseema area of Andhra Pradesh. It has a population of about 5 lakh people. Singanamala is a village in Anantapur district with a population of 10,000 people. Untreated sewage from Anantapuramu runs for 12 kilometres in the Tadakaleru stream before arriving to Singanamala Tank. People in Singanamala village utilise the water stored in the Singanamala tank for irrigation and drinking. In other words, Anantapuramu’s sewage provides fresh water to the inhabitants of Singanamala. By sampling at regular intervals, the current study intends to analyse the water quality characteristics of the Tadakaleru stream from the site of confluence of sewage from Anantapuramu to Singanamala tank. The ability of the Tadakaleru stream to purify itself will be tested. The quality of the groundwater is also examined. At present the sewage of Anantapur is being self-purified in Tadakaleru stream. In mere future, for increased population sewage treatment plant is necessary to treat the sewage of Anantapur town.

Water is one of the most precious natural resources on the planet. All living species, most ecological systems, human health, food production, and economic growth all benefit from it. Water pollution is becoming more common as a result of modern industry and population growth, since it is progressively contaminated with sewage, agricultural chemicals, oils, heavy metals, radioactive material, detergents, and other synthetic goods. The current inquiry is looking into the physical, chemical, and biological properties of the surface water of the River Penna stream, as well as the ground water of the towns nearby. In the summer, water samples from surface and ground water of 14 stream samples are collected for physical and chemical examination in March 2021. It was discovered that stream water quality had degraded to the point that it had lost its ability to purify itself. The addition of contaminants at each site resulted in an increase in the concentration of different physico-chemical parameters. In comparison to upstream locations, ground water in the mid-stream and down-stream had greater concentrations of several physico-chemical parameters. In comparison with sampling sites, Penakacharla Dam Village, had lower concentrations of electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, total hardness i.e 120μS/cm2, 1250ppm, 1150ppm. Samples at Gandikota Barrage had lower concentrations of electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, total hardness i.e 192μS/cm, 1875ppm, 1900ppm Surface water quality is poor for irrigation needs, with the exception of the first two upstream locations (near Jarutla Rampuram and Palyam).