Agriculture and EnvironmentAbstract -Effect of temperature and endosperm on the dormancy and germination of olive embryos, Olea europaea L. Moroccan Picholine Variety. The germination capacity of embryos of Moroccan Picholine was higher than seed at 21°C (69 and 6% respectively). This inhibitory effect of the endosperm was decreased after a pretreatment at 9°C for 21 or 28 days. This effect was not signifiant in the case of embryos excised before chilling of seeds (germination enhanced from 69 to 100%) compared with embryos chilled while in the intact seed and excised at the end of each chilling period at 9°C before transfer at 21°C (69 to 96%). The germination, under constant temperature conditions was optimal at 13°C, and very low results were obtained at 25 and 29°C. The pretreatment at 9°C has improved the speed of germination, the germination percentage at different temperatures, the elongation of the hypocotyl and suppressed the inhibitory effect of factors causing dormancy at 13 and at 25°C. Our results show that olive seeds exhibit a dormancy that is caused by factors residing partly in the endosperm and partly within the embryo.
olive / Olea europaea L. / germination / dormancy / temperatureRésumé -Les embryons de la Picholine marocaine germent mieux que les graines à 21°C (69 et 6 % respectivement). Cet effet inhibiteur de l'endosperme est atténué par un prétraitement à 9°C pendant 21 ou 28 jours. Cet effet n'est pas significatif dans le cas des embryons excisés avant le prétraitement des graines (germination augmentant de 69 à 100 %) comparés à ceux excisés à partir des graines ayant subi un prétraitement à 9°C avant le transfert à 21°C (69 à 96 %). La germination sous des températures constantes est optimale à 13°C. Les plus faibles résultats étant obtenus à 25 et à 29°C. Le prétraitement à 9°C améliore le taux et la vitesse de germination aux différentes températures ainsi que l'élon-gation de l'hypocotyle. Par ailleurs il a annulé l'effet inhibiteur des facteurs provoquant la dormance à 13 et à 25°C. Nos résultats montrent que les graines manifestent une dormance due à des facteurs résidant en partie dans l'endosperme et en partie dans l'embryon. N. Brhadda et al.
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