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SummarySix dogs were used for a radiological investigation of movement of the cervical vertebrae for comparison of range of motion, instantaneous centers of motion and patterns of flexion and extension with those determined for man. Five dogs were embalmed and one live dog was investigated under the influence of general anesthesia. All animals were adult with the exception of one of the embalmed animals. None of the animals exhibited any abnormalities of cervical vertebrae or intervertebral discs. It was demonstrated that range of motion of the dog cervical spine exceeds that of man, largely due to a greater flexion‐extension range of the atlanto‐occipital joint and of lateral flexion of the cranial and caudal cervical spine. Patterns of flexion and extension of the cranial and caudal cervical spine of the dog are similar to that of man with no differences in the location of centers for these movements. Other differences were primarily due to the organization of intervertebral articulations.These relationships are discussed in regard to the significance of individual groups of cervical muscles, joint functions and influence of movement on the spinal cord.

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A description is given of the anatomy of the extrinsic and intrinsic muscles of the forelimb of the babirusa (Babyrousa babyrussa, L. 1758). Three adult animals, two males and a female were dissected and the results compared with the previously published information. Significant differences were found between the accounts, and these were analysed within the context of material availability and advances in anatomical nomenclature. Comparisons made with published descriptions of the pig (Sus scrofa) showed that the muscular anatomy of the two species is very similar. Four structures are present in the babirusa but not in the pig; the M. pronator teres is completely tendinous, a tendon branch from the Caput craniale m. extensor digitorum lateralis anastomoses with the tendon of the Caput intermedium m. extensor digitorum communis to the fourth digit, there is an additional small deep portion of the M. supraspinatus and a bundle of fibres from the M. pectoralis profundus inserts on the intersectio clavicularis. Four structures present in the pig but not the babirusa are an additional insertion from the M. cleido-occipitalis into the raphe of the neck, an extra medial insertion of the M. infraspinatus, the accessory tendinous origin of the M. flexor digitorum profundus and the ulnar head of the M. flexor carpi ulnaris.