Self-harm rates among U.S. adolescents have risen substantially. Health and social outcomes among contemporary self-harming youths are infrequently tracked and poorly understood. This study investigated long-term health service utilization (emergency department [ED] visits and inpatient admissions) and inpatient costs among a recent cohort of adolescents with deliberate self-harm.Methods: This retrospective cohort study used statewide, all-payer, longitudinally linked discharge data from California. All residents ages 10-19 presenting to EDs in 2010 with deliberate self-harm (N=5,396) were compared with two control groups: a random sample of adolescent ED patients with other complaints, matched on sex, age, residential zip code, and month of index visit (general control patients, N=14,921), and matched ED patients with psychiatric complaints but no self-harm (psychiatric control patients, N=15,835). Outcomes included 5-year rates of ED visits, inpatient admissions, and inpatient costs, overall and for psychiatric and nonpsychiatric complaints separately.

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Infiltrating ductal carcinoma is the most common form of breast cancer, and major risk factors are nonmodifiable. Current screening recommendations offer the best chance of early diagnosis. Staging takes into account the size of primary tumor, number of positive lymph nodes at surgery, and location of distant metastases. Treatment options include various combinations of surgical procedures, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and endocrine therapy.