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The main prerequisites for creating and developing industrial radiochemical production in the USSR and the Russian Federation is reviewed. The history of spent nuclear fuel (SNF) management in relation to the RT-1 and RT-2 plants, the features and tasks of the plants are considered from the position of today. Current specifics of the platforms of the Mayak Production Association, the Mining and Chemical Complex and the Siberian Chemical Combine of the closed nuclear fuel cycle of the Russian Federation was analyzed. Topical issues are formulated on SNF reprocessing and radioactive waste management technologies.