EDITORIAL Cyclophosphamide and the urinary tractCyclophosphamide is a commonly used cytotoxic drug indicated in a broad range of benign and malignant conditions. It has clearly defined acute and chronic urinary tract side-effects that can significantly complicate patient treatment and are potentially fatal.

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Background: The consumption of oxygen has been recognized as an important element of isolated islets. We evaluated whether the Nano-bubble oxygen solution improves cell viability under the cell culture. Materials and Methods: Nano-bubble refers to ultra-fi ne oxygen gas bubble of diameter less than 10ƒÊm (1ƒÊm=1/1,000,000 m). We applied gNagano-shizuku h produced by Royal Electric Co., Ltd., in collaboration with REO Research Institute and the Naga Group. It already commercialized as a healthy drinking water in Japan. The Nano-bubble water was mixed with conventional culture medium 0, 5,10,30,50,90%, respectively. The pancreas was procured from non-heart beating retired pigs. The pocine pancreas transported with two layer method and isolated using the Kyoto isolation method. The viability of islet was assessed after purifi cation (day 0) and after 1, 7 and 28days of culture. The selected islets were dissociated for the single cell. The single cell suspensions are incubated with Newport Green PDX acetoxymethylether (NG) and Tetramethylrhodamine ethyl ester (TMRE). After washing, the cells are stained with 7-aminoactinomycin D (7-AAD). The samples are analyzed using a FACScan cytometer. The beta cell composition of islet also analyzed using cellular antibodies. And beta cell viability index was calculated using ICHII-method. Result: 50% of Nano-bubble group was maintained viability more than 80% after 28days culture. Conclusions: The oxygen nano-bubbles solution may improves that the adaptive capability of islet cells against into apoptosis among the cell culture procedures.

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