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Diverse genera of bacteria have been recognised as PGPRs, some symbiotic (Rhizobium, Bradyrhizobium, Mesorhizobium), others non-symbiotic (Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Klebsiella, Azotobacter, Azospirillum, Azomonas). These rhizobacteria are now being used worldwide as bio-inoculants to promote plant growth and development under various biotic and abiotic stresses. This chapter discusses the history, role in soil, interaction with plants and mechanisms (including direct and indirect antagonisms as biological control agents) of PGPRs.

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