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The paper deals with mathematical models of sequent salvos battle, of autonomous flight missiles (AFM) organized in the groups of combatants. Tactical integration of AFM system distance-controlled weapon is considered by performances of simultaneous approaches on targets, and continual battle models of guerilla and direct fire, are redesigned to the discrete-continual mixed model, for checking missiles sudden, and further salvos, attack effects. Superiority parameters, as well as losses and strengths of full, or the part of salvo battle, for the missiles groups as technology sub-systems combatants', is expressed by mathematical and simulation examples. Targets engagements capacities of the missiles battle unit, is conducted through designed scenarios and mathematically derived in the research. Model orientated on answers about employment of rapid reaction defending tactics, by distance missiles attacks.

Machines operating in cycles and their properties have not been studied in depth in literature and, as such, are not well described by integral mathematical models. If the effects of their operation are actions on the given working surfaces under given constraints, then the quality of the affected surfaces can be described by reliability functions. In this manner, the operating capabilities of the platform can be determined. A majority of the published papers use a standard approach to the measured performances that depend on the machine's designed purposes. Such processes are described in [1] to [3] for the abrasive flow machines (AFM) with which material is hardened by randomly treating the working surface with abrasive particles with polymeric fillers, and dispersed within the flow media. The authors of [1] classified the work piece parameters into three groups based, among others, on the number of cycles (operations) and the machining time. Some of these parameters were determined experimentally in [2], in which the authors recognized that the parameters denoted as the creeping time and the cycles frequency have impact on the quality of the machining process. In [3], the authors experimentally prove that the aforementioned parameters influence the process. Common for all three papers is that they do not include hidden random effects caused by particles affecting the surfaces in cyclic operations, although such effects significantly influence the quality of the surface treatment. In all three papers, there is no mathematical modelling of the process.Another similar type of machine with cyclic operation affecting working surfaces is described in [4] as shot-peening (SP) platforms. They bombard a surface with spherical beads to increase the material fatigue strength. The physical modelling of the influence of the bead shapes on the performance of the surface hardening process is presented in [5]. Random surface effects due to bombing cycles are a result of the quality of the machine's performance. However, the connection between the effects and the particular operations is missing in • Proposed methodology for performances degradation caused by operations composed in cycles.• Using Gaussian probability distribution law to predict degradation measures.• Predicting the changes of probability dispersion based on modelling and experimental data.• Determination of an analytical model based on a hypothesis that the degrading effects are a function of the platform capacity, frequency of operations and the number of available cycles.

In this paper the process of force field analysis (hereafter: FFA) is analyzed, disadvantages of this method are noted and a mode is proposed which allows reducing those disadvantages and increasing the reliability of solving complex problems using the FFA. To improve FFA, a research is conducted, several different methods are applied, and more than 40 specialists are tested. A new model of FFA is offered which is improved by a decision making trial evaluation laboratory (hereafter: DEMATEL) method. Improvement of FFA by using DEMATEL method is explained in the case study that describes the determination by business success of air transport and airport various economic factors. The effect of those factors can be positive or negative. Based on the results of research in the case study it is concluded that the proposed model maintains all advantages of current model and reduces the disadvantages. Also, the improved method increases the reliability of FFA. In addition to the scientific contribution there is also a significant social contribution of this research, which is reflected in the application of the proposed model in decision-making process.

It is well-known that high working overpressure in a tire adversely affects its service life, while a lower overpressure requires larger tire dimensions and weight. The goal of this research is to find the way to decrease the overpressure in a standard tire in order to increase its durability, while preserving or increasing its load-capacity and retaining the same geometric characteristics. This paper presents a new construction solution that consists of a standard (outer) tire and a smaller (inner) tire inserted in the standard one. This set of tires creates a unique kinetic energy absorption system that occurs when the aircraft lands in direct contact with the runway. During the aircraft hard landing, a large deformation of the tire occurs, i.e., the tire surface is drawn inward both in the cross-section and in the longitudinal section. In this case, the whole weight of the airplane is directed on the tire-shoulder, meaning that the actual contact surface is small. In the new solution, the inner tire prevents the standard tire from drawing inward and keeps it in contact with the runway during tire deflection. A comparative analysis of the change in deflection, track width, and stress distribution of a standard tire and a set of tires in the new solution is performed. It was shown that the new construction solution increases the tire track width by about 8 % and, therefore, the greater contact area between the tires and the runway. In addition, tire stress is decreased by about 40 %; therefore, it has higher tire durability, as well as the ability to absorb more kinetic energy by 56 % compared to a standard tire.