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The study of ultrasonic welding has been going on for more than 50 years. The mechanism of joint formation and characterization of the interface in ultrasonically made joints between metal sheets and wires have been the most thought-provoking area for the researchers. The study of post-welding microstructure, the formation of any intermetallic compound at the interface and their effect on the joint strength, the presence of heat affected zone in the ultrasonically joined sheets has been explored but still, arguably the least understood. Interface characteristics are different in similar and dissimilar combinations of metals. This work presents a comprehensive review of literature regarding the studies on the microstructural analysis at the interface of the joints made by ultrasonic welding on different combinations of metal sheets. Additionally, this paper provides an analysis of the observations made by different scientists that promotes the future scope of research in this area. The study has been confined to ultrasonic metal welding only.

The objective of the present paper is to investigate the potential of an artificial neural network technique to predict the weight loss of various polyaryletherketones (PAEKs) and their composites in a three-body abrasive wear situation. Back-propagation neural networks have been used to predict the weight loss based on an experimental database in a three-body abrasive wear situation. The results show that the predicted data are perfectly acceptable when compared to the actual experimental test results. Hence a well-trained artificial neural networks (ANNs) system is expected to be very helpful for estimating the weight loss in the complex three-body abrasive wear situation of polymer composites.

Pulse TIG (Tungsten Inert Gas) welding is often considered the most difficult of all the welding processes commonly used in industry. Because the welder must maintain a short arc length, great care and skill are required to prevent contact between the electrode and the workpiece. Pulse TIG welding is most commonly used to weld thin sections of stainless steel, non-ferrous metals such as aluminum, magnesium and copper alloys. It is significantly slower than most other welding techniques and comparatively more complex and difficult to master as it requires greater welder dexterity than MIG or stick welding. The problems associated with manual TIG welding includes undercutting, tungsten inclusions, porosity, Heat affected zone cracks and also the adverse effect on health of welding gun operator due to amount of tungsten fumes produced during the welding process. This brings the necessity of automation. Hence, In this paper an attempt has been made to build a customerized setup of Pulse TIG welding based on through review of Pulse TIG welding parameters. The cost associated for making automated TIG is found to be low as compared to SPM (Special Purpose machines) available in the market.