Introduction: Vitamin D is a steroid hormone. It crosses the blood brain barrier and binds with receptors present in neurons and glial cells of various parts of central nervous system like hippocampus, cortex, sub-cortex etc. Due to its antioxidant property and regulating intra-neuronal calcium homeostasis, it can be hypothesized that vitamin D has a role to play in preventing age related cognitive decline. Materials and Methods: Total of 160 patients were included in the study. MMSE is useful for evaluating the subjects having dementia syndrome because these subjects cooperate well only for short duration. Mini Mental state examination score was used for the assessment of dementia. They were included in the study on the basis of serum vitamin D level and MMSE score. Results: The collected data showed that mean serum vitamin D levels were found to be lower in group A when compared to group B. After 3 months of treatment with supplements, the score of post treatment MMSE was found to be higher in group A as compared to group B. After 6 months of treatment with supplements, the score of post treatment MMSE was found to be higher in group A as compared to group B. Discussion & Conclusion: Vitamin D acts like a neurosteroid hormone in areas of neurotransmission and neuro-immunomodulation. Patients on medical therapy for dementia has also shown improve results with regulation of vitamin D. It has also exhibited neuro-protective properties against glutamate toxicity through antioxidant effects thus preventing apoptosis. The present study is one of on-going steps in the direction of establishing role of Vitamin D in prevention and treatment of senile dementia.

Background: Cigarette smoking leads to increased serum level of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, Triglyceride levels and decreased level of anti atherogenic HDL cholesterol. Many studies have shown a dose-dependent relationship between smoking and lipoprotein profile. Hence this study was-taken up to know the lipoprotein pattern in healthy young smokers. Subjects and Methods: Total of hundered healthy smokers and fifty healthy non smokers were included in the study. All the smokers’ subjects were divided in two groups as per the severity of the habit of smoking. Group 1: all those who smoke upto 10 cigarette per day, Group 2: all those who smokemore than 10 cigarette per day. Results: In our study, the mean serum cholesterol of smokers is 205.9 26.1 and that of non-smokers is 165.4 15.2 which is statistically significant Mean HDL-cholesterol is 34.20 4.0 in smokers and 38.40 6.4 in non-smokers, which is statistically significant. Mean LDL-cholesterol is 155.8±29.30 in smokers and 136.70 ±14.45 in nonsmokers which is statistically significant. Mean Triglyceride level in smokers is 163.28±38.7  and in non-smokers it is 116.72±23.3 which is statistically significant. Conclusion: The mean serum lipid values were significantly higher in smokers except HDL-C which were significantly decreased, as compared to non smokers. There is a linear increase in the levels of serum lipids except HDL-C which shows decrease in the levels with the duration and severity of smoking.