No abstract

Aim: The present study aimed to estimate the serum procalcitonin (PCT) levels in periodontally healthy individuals and chronic periodontitis patients with Type II diabetes mellitus (DM). Materials and Methods: Forty-five male subjects aged 25–60 years were enrolled in the study and grouped as Group I (healthy), Group II (chronic periodontitis), and Group III (chronic periodontitis with Type II DM). Clinical parameters (dental plaque scores, bleeding scores, probing pocket depth, and loss of attachment) and glycemic parameters (random blood sugar and glycated hemoglobin levels) were recorded. Serum procalcitonin levels were analyzed using Raybio ® Human Procalcitonin Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay kit using the sandwich technique. All the data obtained were tabulated and analyzed using SYSTAT 12 statistical software. Kruskal–Wallis test was applied to compare the mean scores between the three study groups, and Spearman's ρ correlation coefficient was used to find out the association. Results: Serum procalcitonin levels were markedly increased in periodontitis group when compared to the healthy group. The mean serum levels of procalcitonin in Group I, Group II, and Group III were 22.52 pg/ml, 64.23 pg/ml, and 185.86 pg/ml, respectively. The variation in the procalcitonin levels was statistically significant at P < 0.001. Conclusion: The expression of procalcitonin in serum was increased to eightfold in the periodontitis group with diabetes in comparison to the healthy group, which shows that periodontal disease can cause the release of procalcitonin.

Oral mucositis is the inflammation of the oral mucosa that occurs as a side effect of cytotoxic cancer therapy. Though the condition cannot be prevented, steps can be taken to decrease the severity and for the desired therapeutic outcome of cancer therapy. The communication between the oncologist and dentist becomes vital for the patient benefit. A search of the resources through Medline and Google Scholar was made to comprehend the pathobiology, clinical characteristics, and various therapeutic methods related to oral mucositis. A total of 63 articles were chosen for reference, which mostly includes recent year review papers. After the final screening, 29 research papers were selected for the current study. Controlling the predisposing risk factors pertaining to the oral cavity and recording the baseline oral health status before the commencement of cancer therapy is crucial. Patients are counseled for proper oral hygiene routine, and lifelong follow-up.

In recent times, consciousness towards the utilization of bio friendly and eco-friendly plant based products for the prevention and remedy of various human illnesses has paid considerable attention. The faith towards the herbal medicines has been growing worldwide. The phytochemical found in plants have protective and disease preventive properties which are non-nutritive in nature. 1 Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis (RAS) is considered as a mucosal disease which occurs locally and not a result of systemic disease. Since there is any definitive recommended treatment protocol for aphthous ulcer, patients are advised to attempt various medications, particularly in recurrent cases of aphthous ulcer. Many herbs which have potential for symptomatic treatment of aphthous are lacking scientific evidence for clinical use. Though many potential herbs were identified through ethno biological survey, the therapeutic isolation and clinical application of the herbal components are still lacking. Few herbs were tried on animal models and lab studies on human cells. The recurrent ulcers appear periodically and heal completely between attacks. These ulcers have comparatively few common reasons. The common recurrent oral ulcers include recurrent aphthous ulcer (RAU), erythema multiforme, occasional traumatic ulcers and ulcers associated with gastro intestinal diseases. 2 RAU otherwise referred to as the common canker sore is a painful ulcerative lesion of an uncertain etiology. These recurring ulcers are T cell mediated solitary or multiple lesions, frequently seen in childhood and adolescent females.Nutritional deficiencies, inflammatory bowel diseases, celiac disease, Behcet's syndrome, HIV are few conditions associated with aphthous stomatitis. The clinical forms include recurrent aphthous minor, recurrent aphthous major and recurrent herpetiform ulcerations. The minor ulcers commonly involve non keratinized mucosa with ulcers ranging from 3-10 mm diameter and resolve within 1-2 weeks. The major ulcers usually appear on the detached buccal and labial mucosa with more than 1 centimeter in diameter and heal in six weeks' time. However, it has been suggested that these ulcers respond poorly to any kind of therapies. In many patients, resolution of the systemic disorder gives rise to a reduced incidence and severity of the mucosal ulcerations. 2,3 The mucosal destruction in RAS patients appears to represent a T cellmediated immunologic reaction with production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha. However, the initiating causes are variable. It has been theorized that aphthous ulcerations develop from an immunologic response to an oral antigen. This reaction may arise due to the presence of a highly antigenic reagent, a decrease in the mucosal barrier that previously masked the antigen, or immune dysregulation resulting in an abnormal response to a normally present antigen. The genetic factors, oral microbial flora and immunological factors plays major role in the etiology of RAS. Though there is multifactorial etiology, trauma, stress, all...