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Changements organométriques du thymus des rats après l'influence de xénobiotiques Contexte. La pollution de l'environnement et son influence sur le corps représentent un grand problème pour la médecine, car elles sont accompagnées d'une augmentation de l'incidence parmi la population. L'exposition chronique à certains xénobiotiques bien absorbés mais éliminés lentement peut entraîner leur bioaccumulation dans l'organisme vivant. Objectifs. L'étude a été menée pour décrire les modifications et les altérations organométriques survenant dans le thymus de rats mâles exposés au tryglycidyl éther ou au poly oxypropylènetriol. Méthodes. 40 rats mâles matures WAG ont été divisés de manière aléatoire en deux groupes. Le premier groupe a servi de témoin constitué de 8 animaux. Le deuxième groupe de 32 rats, chacun composé de 8 rongeurs, a été traité par gavage à l'aide de solutions aqueuses de TEPPT au 1/10 LD 50 converties à 5,75 g kg pendant 7, 15, 30 et 45 jours. Tous les animaux ont été sacrifiés au terme défini par le plan expérimental. Les échantillons de thymus ont été disséqués et des mesures des dimensions linéaires (longueur, largeur, hauteur) à l'aide d'un pied à coulisse numérique ont été prises. La masse et le volume du thymus ont été comptés. Les limites de la variabilité des indices

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The purpose of the study was to disclose topographic anatomical features of the extra- and intramuscular innervation points of the leg. Materials and methods. 15 adult human subjects and one-month old baby legs at three levels were studied using such methods: cross-sections according to N.I. Pirogov technique, histotopographic sections, macro-microscopic method, histological staining with hematoxylin-eosin and Krutsay. Results. In our macro-microscopic study, the main attention was paid to the individual anatomical variability in the innervation of the lower leg muscles. Study of the nerves of the leg muscles allowed to clarify the course of the neurovascular bundle of the leg at its three levels, taking into account individual age characteristics, and also to show the myeloarchitectonics of both the main nerve trunks and their intramuscular branches. Such differences in the location of the leg muscles of an adult and of one month-old baby undoubtedly related to the fact that the child’s muscular belly is longer in relation to the tendon. The histotopography of intramuscular nerves on total transverse sections of antagonistic muscles was studied: flexor and extensor digitorum longus, longus flexor and extensor of the big toe, and also the spectrum of myelin fibers contained in these nerves in a one-month-old baby and an adult was investigated. On histotopographic sections of the extensor digitorum longus nerve in a one-month-old baby, thick-diameter myelin fibers are absent, whereas in the long finger flexor nerve, on average, they are 0.5%. The number of thin and medium is respectively 8%, 13% and 83.5%, 16%. However, we have determined individual anatomical variability in the location of the vessels in relation to the main nerve trunks, as well as differences in the topography of the nerve in the corresponding muscles. Conclusion. In the nerves of the leg muscles, features were found, both in quantitative and qualitative composition of the conductors forming them; in the nerves of the flexor muscles, the composition of the nerve fibers is more diverse (with a slight predominance of the number of medium, thick and very thick fibers), which is associated with the peculiarity of their functions; in adulthood, the % ratio in the spectrum of myelin fibers in the nerves of the lower leg changes significantly

The complex of macromicroscopic methods has revealed the features of the sulci structure of the brain’s occipital lobe medial surface. Macromicroscopic, morphometric, topographic and anatomical, statistical and mathematical analysis were used. The sulci of the medial surface of the brain's occipital lobe are classified into permanent, typical and non-permanent. The complex of anatomical structures of the medial surface of the brain's occipital lobe includes the parietooccipital sulcus, calcarine sulcus, cuneus, calcarine spur, additional sulci. The parietooccipital and calcarine sulci are divided into segments: posterior (distal process), anterior (proximal process), common (common area). The parietooccipital sulcus is connected to the anterior end of the calcarine sulcus at 98,5 %. The length of the parietooccipital sulcus is min 16,0 mm and max 58 mm, M=35,8 mm, depth is min 9,0 mm and max 43,0 mm, M=24,3 mm. It was found that in 35 % of cases, the posterior end of the calcarine sulcus does not reach the apex (angle) of the occipital lobe of the brain by min 2,0 mm and max 14,0 mm, M=7,8 mm. In 43 % the posterior end of the calcarine sulcus bifurcates. The distance between the posterior end of the calcarine sulcus and the upper end of the parietooccipital sulcus is min 18,0 mm and max 64,0 mm, M=39,8 mm. The length of the calcarine sulcus is min 37 mm and max 79 mm, M=54 mm. The depth of the anterior part of the calcarine sulcus is min 8,0 mm and max 36,0 mm, M=20,7 mm; the depth of the posterior part is min 5,0 mm and max 22,0 mm, M=12,8 mm.