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1. Observations were made on the behaviour of young spring- and autumn-bom calves reared at pasture.2. Bucket-fed calves rapidly learnt to graze, whereas single-suckled animals running with their dams made no serious attempt to graze until they were 6 weeks old.3. The time spent in grazing was modified by the presence of hay and probably by that of concentrates, and it was influenced also by the quality and quantity of herbage on offer.

The treatments in this summer-grazing experiment were designed as a 3 x 3 factorial; 3 levels of nitrogenous fertilizer, supplying 0, 336 and 672 kg N/ha per annum, and 3 stocking rates. The fertilizer was applied in 6 to 8 dressings at intervals of 3 to 4 weeks. The animals used were fattening Hereford x Friesian steers. The stocking rates were calculated on the basis of data available on herbage production under N and irrigation treatments and varied according to the level of N input. The experiment was laid out in 6 randomized blocks, which were grazed in rotation. Blocks were removed from the grazing cycle in spring and early summer of each of the 3 years (1962-4) over which the experiment was conducted and cut for conservation; yields were recorded. Details are given of: grazing management; results of studies of soil-N levels; the quantities of herbage removed for conservation; the quantity, chemical and botanical composition of the herbage available for grazing; and herbage consumption.