Microbial synthesis of nanoparticles has a potential to develop simple, costeffective and eco-friendly methods for production of technologically important materials. In this study, for the first time a novelactinomycete strain Streptomyces glaucus71 MD isolated from a soy rhizosphere in Georgiais for the first time extensively characterized and utilized for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) allowed observing extracellular synthesis of nanoparticles, which has many advantages from the point of view of applications. Production of silver nanoparticles proceeded extracellularlywith the participation of another microorganism, bluegreen microalgae Spirulinaplatensis (S. platensis). In this study it is shown that the production rate of the nanoparticles depends not only on the initial concentration of AgNO 3 but also varies with time in a nonmonotonic way. SEM study of silver nanoparticles remaining on the surface of microalgae revealed that after 1 day of exposure to 1 mM AgNO 3 nanoparticles were arranged as long aggregates along S. platensiscells strongly damaged by silver ions. However, after 5 days of exposure to silver S. platensiscells looked completely recovered and the nanoparticles were distributed more uniformly on the surface of the cells.

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Several bacterial strains of Actinomycetes belonging to Streptomyces and Arthrobacter genera for the first time were used to study the biotechnology of synthesis of gold and silver nanoparticles. The experimental conditions of gold and silver nanoparticles production by the cells of studied strains in aqueous chloroauric acid (HAuCl 4 ) and in silver nitrate (AgNO 3 ) solutions, respectively, were determined. Concentration and time-dependences of nanoparticle formation were investigated. The complex of optical and analytical methods was used for testing the gold and silver nanoparticles in the bacterial biomass. The TEM (Transmission Electron Microscopy) and XRD (X-ray Diffraction) data in all cases demonstrated the presence of crystals with fcc (face centered cubic) structure. The results obtained show that the Actinomycetes are capable of producing gold and silver nanoparticles of spherical shape extracellularly when exposed to suitable compounds. The particle size distribution shows that the sizes of nanoparticles are in the range of 5 nm to 80 nm. The biomass obtained may be used for industrial as well as medical and pharmaceutical purposes.

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