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Flight management systems for large, commercial aircraft are quite common, as are inexpensive, user-friendly personal computers. Can the two ideas be combined to yield affordable, flight management systems for smaller aircraft? This paper shows the answer to be "Yes!"Increasing air traffic control (ATC) requirements raises the workload of pilots. Required tasks dictate more "head-in-thecockpit" computation, which can easily distract a pilot from safe airplane operation. Following eight years of research, we present an on-board computational system that increases pilot situational awareness, decreases diversion to routine computations, and anticipates upcoming needs.The key to anticipatory flight management is an expert system that uses knowledge of ATC procedures, aircraft operating procedures and limitations, and aircraft performance to infer current flight operating "mode" without direct pilot intervention or input. A flight mode interpreter (FMI) enables automatic display selection, pilot advice, and warning.

Bespak, a division of Consort Medical plc, and Queen's University Belfast have developed a viable and unique in-vitro testing capability for nasal drug delivery devices. The aim was to evaluate and optimize current and conceptual drug delivery devices by quantifying the deposition of drug in the various distinct regions of the nasal cavity. The development of this test apparatus employed computed tomography (CT) scan data of the human nasal cavity to construct an accurate representation of the human nasal airways. An investigation of suitable materials and manufacturing technologies was required, together with extensive analytical method development. It is possible for this technique to be further developed in an attempt to create a standardized apparatus based on nasal geometry that can be used to compare accurately deposition from drug delivery devices. This paper presents the issues encountered in the development of this test apparatus, including manufacturing and material limitations, investigation and choice of suitable materials, laboratory testing considerations, and the steps required to validate the analytical process.

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