The effects of synthetic diamond nanoparticles (4-6 nm) on mouse macrophage biotropism and biocompatibility and the modulation of the macrophage functions (expression of IL-1α, TNF-α, GM-CSF, bFGF, and TGF-β) by nanoparticles in different concentrations were studied in vitro during exposure of different duration. Macrophage endocytosis of nanodiamonds increased with increasing the concentration of nanoparticles in culture and incubation time. Nanodiamonds exhibited high biotropism and biocompatibility towards macrophages; in doses of 10-20 μg/ml, they induced expression of GM-CSF and TGF-β, inhibited expression of bFGF, and did not stimulate IL-1α and TNF-α. These data indicate that nanodiamond capture by macrophages in the studied experimental model led to modulation of the functional status of macrophages that determine their capacity to stimulate reparative processes without increasing proinflammatory and profibrogenic status.

Grade IIIB skin burns were treated with a composition based on oxidized dextran with a molecular weight of 40 kDa (oxidation of 7% glucose residues). On day 32 after burn infliction and from the start of the treatment, the area of skin defect in rats was 30% less than in the group without treatment and by 2.3 times less than in rats treated with panthenol. In rats treated with dextran-based composition or panthenol, the eschar was absent on day 21 after the start of the treatment; by day 32, we found cells of surface epithelium, hair follicles, and sebaceous glands above the scar tissue that were absent in untreated animals; in rats treated with the composition, their number was higher by 2.5 times than in animals treated with panthenol. Treatment with the composition increased volume density (by 2.5 times) and numerical density (by more than 3 times) of blood vessels in the wound and reduced signs of inflammation and fibroplastic activity of fibroblasts in comparison with the corresponding parameters in untreated animals or animals treated with panthenol.

Schizophrenia has accompanied mankind since ancient times. The symptoms of this disease were reflected in ancient literature and in Holy Scripture. About 1% of the general population suffers from schizophrenia in civilized countries, and in turn, about 25 to 50% of patients in psychiatric  clinics  are  represented  by  patients  with  schizophrenia.  VD Vid  cites  data  that schizophrenia is the cause of 39.9% of cases of the total number of mentally disabled people and links such a high percentage of morbidity with insufficient development and implementation of secondary and tertiary prevention. The purpose of this article was to investigate the features of emotional relationships of schizophrenia patients to other people and family members presented in the scientific literature. There are two groups of authors with the opposite opinion about the emotional relationships of a schizophrenic patient. One group of authors (E. Bleiler, E. Kraepelin, V.P. Kritskaya et al., I.Ya. Lagun, D. Hell and M. Fischer-Felten, K. Jaspers) notes that at the beginning of the disease, and then – in a developing weakly or with a pronounced personality defect, patients develop emotional cooling, isolation from loved ones. Another group (V.D. Vid, A.A. Kempinski, Сz.P. Korolenko and N.V. Dmitrieva, A.P. Kotsiubinsky etc., A.S. Tiganov etc., A.B. Kholmogorova etc., S. Arieti) at the same time has information that to some extent an altruistic, attentive attitude to abstract, unfamiliar and unfamiliar people is preserved, and can also have a “symbiotic” relationship with one of the parents. These contradictory aspects of the emotional side, as a reflection of emotional attachment, the relationship of patients to their close environment, allow us to outline the vector of subsequent experimental verification and refinement.

The effects of nanosized particles (4-6 nm) of synthetic diamonds on mouse macrophage expression and secretion of lysosomal cathepsins (B and D) and MMP-1 and MMP-9 were studied in vitro. Culturing of peritoneal macrophages in medium with diamond nanoparticles led to an increase in the counts of macrophages expressing the above enzymes and to stimulation of their secretion. However, the manifestations of these effects varied significantly for various enzymes. The data indicate modulation of macrophage functions by nanodiamonds. These results help better understand the possible role of the "corpuscular" xenobiotic factors in the pathogenesis of diseases associated with macrophage capturing of these factors irrespective of their chemical "activity".