Relevance. Individual oral hygiene is the primary way to prevent major dental diseases. Fixed orthodontic appliances (braces) may become a barrier to good individual oral care. Aligners can provide an alternative to braces, allowing adequate toothbrushing when removed.Aim. To compare hygiene levels among patients undergoing orthodontic treatment with conventional bracket systems and aligners.Materials and methods. The study assessed oral hygiene levels at the baseline, two weeks and three months after the beginning of orthodontic treatment. The study used the PHP index to evaluate oral hygiene levels..Results. Three months later, the comparative analysis revealed that 10% of patients with braces had good oral hygiene, 30% had acceptable oral hygiene, and 60% had poor. Twenty per cent of patients with aligners had good oral hygiene, 60% had acceptable oral hygiene, and 20% had poor.Conclusions. Individual oral hygiene level in patients with fixed orthodontic appliances is significantly lower than in patients with removable appliances.