In recent times, pattern recognition of communication modulation signals has gained significant attention in several application areas such as military, civilian field, etc. It becomes essential to design a safe and robust feature extraction (FE) approach to efficiently identify the various signal modulation types in a complex platform. Several works have derived new techniques to extract the feature parameters namely instant features, fractal features, and so on. In addition, machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) approaches can be commonly employed for modulation signal classification. In this view, this paper designs pattern recognition of communication signal modulation using fractal features with deep neural networks (CSM-FFDNN). The goal of the CSM-FFDNN model is to classify the different types of digitally modulated signals. The proposed CSM-FFDNN model involves two major processes namely FE and classification. The proposed model uses Sevcik Fractal Dimension (SFD) technique to extract the fractal features from the digital modulated signals. Besides, the extracted features are fed into the DNN model for modulation signal classification. To improve the classification performance of the DNN model, a barnacles mating optimizer (BMO) is used for the hyperparameter tuning of the DNN model in such a way that the DNN performance can be raised. A wide range of simulations takes place to highlight the enhanced performance of the CSM-FFDNN model. The experimental outcomes pointed out the superior recognition rate of the CSM-FFDNN model over the recent state of art methods interms of different evaluation parameters.