The present study focused on energy and protein metabolism in pregnant and lactating mares, including the suckling and weaned growing horses, in order to determine feed availability, as also the energy and protein requirements. The authors found that the feeding diets, consisting of alfalfa hay, oats and compounds, had different availability values in terms of energy and protein, according to animal physiological conditions and age. Thus, the pregnant mares utilized the metabolizable energy (ME) and digestible crude protein (DCP) intake in average proportions of 64.5 +/- 3.2%, 54.6 +/- 3.0%, respectively, while in the lactating mares the values were 60.1 +/- 2.8%, respectively, 50.1 +/- 4.0%. However the amount of energy and protein required for maintenance was similar in these two animal physiological conditions: 531 kJ, ME/kg0.75, 529 KJ, ME/kg0.75 and 3 g DCP/kg0.75, respectively. The suckling colts had a daily average gain between 1405 and 891 g and the young horses after weaning up to 2 years of age between 773 and 447 g. The net efficiency of ME and of DCP for growth in the suckling colts was of 40.6 +/- 2.1% and 46.1 +/- 3.2%, respectively and in young horses after weaning had similar values of 40.3 +/- 4.0%, respectively 44.4 +/- 2.2%, but the maintenance requirement of energy and protein differed from 506 kJ, ME/kg0.75 and 4.51 g DCP/kg0.75 respectively to 587 kJ, ME/kg0.75 and 3.51 g DCP/kg0.75, respectively.
The present study focussed on the energy and protein metabolism in pregnant and lactating goats, including young female goats up to 8 months of age, in order to determine feed availability, as also the energy and protein requirements. It was found that the diets consisting of alfalfa hay, oats hay, maize, wheat bran and mixed feeds (fed to suckling females) had different availabilities in terms of energy and protein, according to animal physiological condition and age. Thus, in pregnant goats, 21% of the metabolizable energy (ME) was used as net energy for pregnancy (foetus plus foetal membranes); the amount of energy required for maintenance was 0.400 MJ/kg 0.75. The availability of digestible protein in the intestines (PDI) for pregnancy was 41.2 +/- 3.1%, while the amount of protein required for maintenance was 2.32 g PDI/kg 0.75. In lactating goats 60.7% of the ME of the diets is used as milk net energy, and 58.9 of the PDI as milk protein. Young female goats had a daily net gain ranging between 173 g and 60 g; the amount of protein in the gain varied between 23 g (month 2) and 12 g (month 8); and that of fat, between 8 g (month 1) and 24 g (month 6). The energy and protein requirements for maintenance were found to be 0.450 MJ ME/kg 0.75 and 2.43 g PDI/kg 0.75, respectively. The net efficiency of ME for growth was of 46.2 +/- 3% and of PDI for protein retention, of 50.1 +/- 2%.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of feeding dried grape marc to fattening steers on the fatty acids composition of the hepatic tissue (liver). The feeding trial used 20 steers with an average initial body weight of 253 kg assigned uniformly to two groups, control (C diet) and experimental (E diet). The E diet included 20% dried grape marc in the compound feed. The use of this winery by-product improved the feeding value of the liver for the human consumers. The concentration of polyunsaturated fatty acids increased, particularly the concentration of omega 3 and omega 6 fatty acids. Thus, compared to the control group, n-3 fatty acids increased by 18.10%, while n-6 fatty acids increased by 16.14%, in the experimental group.
The study was conducted using 21 Romanian Black Spotted fattening steers to determine the effects of sorghum grains on health and fatty acid profile of Longissimus dorsi muscle. The animals were assigned uniformly to 3 groups of 7 steers each, which received different treatments: control (C) received a compound feed without sorghum grains, experimental group (E1) received 15% sorghum grains in the compound feed, while next experimental group (E2) received 25% sorghum grains in the compound feed. To determine the biochemical parameters, blood samples were collected from animals at the end of experimental period. The laboratory analyses conducted on samples of Longissimus dorsi muscle collected from the 3 experimental groups, showed changes in the fatty acid composition. The proportion of saturated fatty acids (SFA) decreased in favour of the unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) with 1.04% in group E2, while the proportion of unsaturated fatty acids increased from 53.00% in the control group to 54.19% in group E2.
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