<p>Dalam mencapai dan mengamankan kepentingan negara, diplomasi selalu menjadi pilihan negara sebagai cara dominan untuk meraih tujuan tersebut. Dalam pelaksanaannya, negara dapat menggunakan sumber-sumber kekuatan yang dimiliki, antara lain, kekuatan militer, ekonomi, politik, intelijen dan sebagainya. Penggunaan militer sebagai salah satu instrumen dalam diplomasi sudah menjadi hal yang tidak terhindarkan lagi. Semua pihak pasti sepakat bahwa dalam berdiplomasi, negosiasi merupakan inti dari diplomasi, sehingga kemenangan dalam bernegosiasi juga bisa diartikan sebagai kemenangan dalam berdiplomasi. Untuk bisa bernegosiasi dengan baik, kekuatan bargaining position merupakan syarat penting yang harus dimiliki oleh suatu bangsa. Posisi tawar suatu bangsa sangat dipengaruhi oleh national power bangsa dan salah satu komponen yang menonjol dari national power tersebut adalah komponen militer. Hal inilah yang membuat militer sulit untuk dipisahkan dari diplomasi negara. Penelitian ini dirancang guna memperoleh pemahaman tentang diplomasi pertahanan Indonesia dalam mencapai kepentingan nasional. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis bagaimana peran diplomasi pertahanan Indonesia dalam mencapai kepentingan nasional serta bagaimana mengoptimalkannya dan menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi peran diplomasi pertahanan dalam mencapai kepentingan nasional. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif, dengan data diperoleh melalui observasi, wawancara dan studi kepustakaan. Teknik analisis data lebih banyak dilakukan bersamaan dengan pengumpulan data saat peneliti berada di lapangan. Lokasi penelitian dilakukan wilayah Kota Jakarta. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: 1) peran diplomasi pertahanan dalam mencapai kepentingan nasional belum optimal dan capaiannya masih sebatas pada isu pertahanan semata; 2) faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi peran diplomasi pertahanan ditinjau dari beberapa dimensi yaitu dimensi kapasitas dan kapabilitas TNI, dimensi Kerjasama antar instansi dan dimensi penyusunan strategi diplomasi.</p><p><strong>Kata Kunci :</strong> Diplomasi pertahanan, strategi diplomasi, kepentingan nasional</p>

<p>In achieving and securing national interests, diplomacy always plays significant role. In its implementation, the state uses all of its nationally available resources including military, economy, politics, intelligence and any other resources available. The use of military as an instrument in diplomacy is inevitable. The general consensus is that negotiation forms a core component of diplomacy. Winning in negotiation, therefore, can be likened to winning in diplomacy. In order to gain leverage during negotiations, gaining a better bargaining position is an important requirement and this strongly relies on a nation’s power of which one of the key components is the military. In this regard, the military power cannot be separated from state diplomacy. This research is designed to understand the role of Indonesia's defense diplomacy in achieving national interests. The objectives of this research are: First, to analyze the role of Indonesian defense diplomacy in achieving national interests and how to optimize it, and secondly, to analyze the factors that influence this role. This research employs qualitative method. All data is obtained through observation, interviews and literature studies. Data analysis is carried out simultaneously with data collection when the researcher is in the field. The research location is at Jakarta City. We can draw two conclusions from the result of the research: 1) The role of defense diplomacy in achieving national interests has not been optimal and its achievements are still limited to defense issues only; 2) Factors influencing the role of defense diplomacy include the capacity and capability of Indonesian Armed Forces (TNI), cooperation between agencies, and formulation of diplomacy strategy.</p><p><strong>Keywords:</strong> Defense diplomacy, diplomacy strategy</p>

The strategic geographical constellation on the one hand, can bring benefits to Indonesia, but on the other hand, this position is very vulnerable to threats, both military threats from foreign countries and non-military threats in the form of crimes or illegal activities. Meanwhile, accelerated globalization with technological advances, especially information technology, makes it seem as if there are no boundaries between countries. The rise of transnational crimes in Indonesia, of course, has implications for national defense. Therefore, a comprehensive and integrated effort is needed to minimize the occurrence of transnational crimes at Indonesia's maritime borders, especially in Tanjung Balai Asahan, Medan, North Sumatra Province. It is proven by the increasing trend in the number of transnational crime rates that continue to increase from year to year and it is made worse by the involvement of the community and unscrupulous security forces that choose shortcuts to seek profit by carrying out these illegal actions as happened in several research taken. From the results of the analysis, it was found that 4 types of crime dominate in the Tanjung Balai area, they are smuggling of illegal goods, Drugs, Human trafficking, and People smuggling. Moreover, the weaknesses that made the crimes happened can be categorized as the lack in communication, resources, disposition, and Bureaucratic structure.

Over the last few decades, ASEAN is considered as a copycat of the system of the European Union (EU). ASEAN is considered weaker, lacks strong support from its members, has less substantive achievements, and is nothing more than competition between ASEAN member countries, where the EU has gone further in its implementation. This assessment has recently been canceled. The EU is currently faced with a list of daunting challenges - the ongoing debt crisis in Greece, increasing criticism by right-wing political groups over the European Union's fundamental agreement on freedom of movement within the EU. The refugee crisis and the growing movement of secession from member states - Britain and Spain are the most prominent examples. Of course, the EU now faces its most significant and most existent challenge, political vortex and divisions with the launch of a referendum in Britain, which resulted in 'Brexit.' This paper tries to analyze how Brexit phenomenon is suspected to occur in ASEAN due to the principle of regionalism, clashes with the sovereignty of each member country. The method used is descriptive analysis with a literature review. Based on research, Brexit in the EU has a context and substance of regionalism that is different from the conditions that exist in ASEAN. Nevertheless, Brexit is an early warning for ASEAN, which has heterogeneous regionalism. Furthermore, ASEAN is pushing for centrality and strengthening ASEAN integration in responding to the turmoil and political change taking place in the Southeast Asian region.

The development of information and communication technology is growing both globally and regionally making it easier for everyone to access all information and communicate without knowing the limits even though many benefits can be obtained. The reality, in turn, gives a negative impact such as personal crime, theft, and data falsification to attack systems or forms of state infrastructure. Cyber threats that occur in Indonesia include racial riots in 1998 which Indonesia had to fight with hackers from China and Taiwan. Besides, the Indonesian government must also face espionage that done by Australia through its representative building in Jakarta. Therefore, cooperation is needed through the defense diplomacy process as a way to deal with all forms of cyber threats in Indonesia called cyber diplomacy. This study uses qualitative research methods through library research intending to analyze concepts and descriptions of cyber diplomacy. Cyber diplomacy conducted by Indonesia is involvement through the ASEAN-Japan Online Cyber Exercise program which is still at the level of developing the skills of cyber personnel but has not touched on the policy domain to regulate program development. Then there needs to be further development by bringing this program to the ADMM forum.