The FDA Dissolution Database was reviewed using the following criteria: dosage forms, apparatus, rotation/pulsation speed, dissolution media, sampling time points, and trends for special dosage forms. In July 2015, there were 1084 drug products in the database, more than 50% thereof in tablet form. The paddle (Apparatus 2) is the most common apparatus in the database and is recommended for 488 products (45%). Rotation speeds listed in the database are 35-200 rpm for Apparatus 1 and 25-200 rpm for Apparatus 2. Deaerated or degassed water is recommended for 114 methods. The pH values for the most commonly cited dissolution media are in the range of 1-7.5; however, several dissolution methods have pH values that are out of physiological range (pH 12 for celecoxib capsules, pH 9.5 for glyburide tablets, pH 8.0 for Rabeprazole Sodium Tablets, pH 7.8 for Glimepiride Tablets).

The crystal structures of 6-methyl-2-ethyl-3-hydroxypyridiniun nitrate (C8H12NO)NO3 (I) and fumarate (C8H12NO)2C4H2O4 (II) were solved and refined from X-ray single crystal diffraction data (CuKα, (I) a=4.6477(2), b=14.5906(9), c=14.5551(8) Å, β=99.100(4)°, space group P21/c, Z=4, Rp/Rwp=0.033/0.047; (II) a=8.8293(3), b=13.4268(5), c=8.3893(3) Å, β=96.303(3)°, space group P21/c, Z=2, Rp/Rwp= 0.034/0.049). Both structures are built of infinite chains along ac diagonal of the unit cells formed by hydrogen bonding between the hydroxypyridium cation and the corresponding anion. Each fumarate anion is linked to four hydroxypyridium cations while nitrate anion is connected with two hydroxypyridium cations only leaving one oxygen atom in the nitrogen group isolated.

Introduction. A fixed dose combination of telmisartan and hydrochlorothiazide is indicated for treatment of in the treatment of arterial hypertension. The combination of these substances causes an additive effect that helps to reduce blood pressure. A bioequivalence study of Telzap® Plus compared with MikardisPlus® was conducted with 63 volunteers.Aim. The purpose of the bioequivalence trial was a comparative study of the pharmacokinetics and evidence of the bioequivalence of the fixed dose combination drug product Telzap® Plus (tablets 80 mg + 12,5 mg, Zentiva KS company, Czech Republic) compared with drug products MikardisPlus® (telmisartan+hydrochlorothiazide, tablets 80 mg + 12,5 mg, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Germany) in healthy volunteers after a single administration under fasting.Materials and methods. To prove bioequivalence, an open label, comparative, randomized, crossover fourperiod replicate single-center clinical trial was conducted. The concentrations of hydrochlorothiazide and telmisartan in plasma samples were determined with a validated HPLC-MS/MS method. A pharmacokinetic and statistical analysis was performed and confidence intervals for the pharmacokinetic parameters Cmax and AUC0-72 were calculated.Results and discussion. It can be concluded that the studied formulations are bioequivalent in terms of pharmacokinetic parameters of hydrochlorothiazide and telmisartan. All 90 % confidence intervals for the estimated pharmacokinetic parameters of hydrochlorothiazide were in the range of 80–125 %, 90 % confidence intervals for telmisartan were within the bioequivalence range of 80–125 % for AUC0-72, and 79,30–126,11 % for Cmax.Conclusion. Thus, according to the criteria used in the study, the formulations are proved to be bioequivalent.

Introduction. Telmisartan is widely used in clinical practice during hypertension treatment. It is a specific angiotensin II receptor antagonist (type AT1), effective at oral intake, A bioequivalence study of Telzap® and Mikardis® was conducted with 60 volunteers.Aim. The purpose of the bioequivalence trial was a comparative study of the pharmacokinetics and evidence of the bioequivalence of Mikardis® (telmisartan, tablets 80 mg, Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Germany) and Telzap® (telmisartan, tablets 80 mg, Zentiva KS company, Czech Republic) in healthy volunteers after a single administration under fasting.Materials and methods. To prove bioequivalence, an open label, comparative, randomized, crossover four-period replicate single-center clinical trial was conducted. The concentrations of telmisartan in plasma samples were determined by a validated HPLC-MS/MS method. A pharmacokinetic and statistical analysis was performed and confidence intervals for the pharmacokinetic parameters Cmax and AUC0-72 were calculated.Results and discussion. It can be concluded that the studied formulations are bioequivalent in terms of pharmacokinetic parameters of test and reference drug. All 90 % confidence intervals of were within the bioequivalence range of 80–125 % for AUC0-72 and 73,07–136,85 % for Cmax.Conclusion. Thus, according to the criteria used in the study, the formulations are proved to be bioequivalent.

Introduction. As part of a comparative assessment of drugs quality available on the Russian market a dissolution profile studies and uniformity of dosage units test was conducted for various manufacturers of "Captopril" drugs. Drug release studies in three dissolution media (0.1 M hydrochloric acid, acetate buffer pH 4.5, phosphate buffer pH 6.8) with sampling at 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30 min and analysis using UV/Vis spectrophotometer at 212 nm were conducted. Dissolution kinetics was compared based on calculation of the similarity factor f2 and the values of relative standard deviations. Uniformity of dosage units test of scored tablets were evaluated based on HPLC-UV analysis and AV factor calculation.Aim. The purpose of this study was a comparative evaluation of "Captopril" drugs from various manufacturers on the Russian market based on dissolution profile studies and uniformity of dosage units test of scored tablets in order to assess the quality of the tablets.Materials and methods. To prove the dissolution profile studies DT 827/1000 tester (ERWEKA GmbH, Germany) was applied. Each drug in three dissolution media in 12 replicates for each dissolution medium was analyzed. The selected samples were analyzed on a UV 1800 UV spectrophotometer (Shimadzu, Japan) at a of 212 nm. In uniformity of dosage units test of scored tablets each tablet was divided according to the applied mark. Sample preparation was carried out in accordance with a validated method and samples were analyzed by HPLC-UV using Agilent 1260 (Agilent Technologies, США).Results and discussion. Based on the results of dissolution profile studies and calculations of the similarity factors and values of the relative standard deviation it can be concluded that the dissolution kinetics for drug no. 4, drug no. 5, drug no. 6 are not equivalent in comparison with the reference drug. During the uniformity of dosage units test of scored tablets, no deviations were found in accordance with the requirements of the RF Pharmacopoeia OFS.1.4.2.0008.18 "Uniformity of dosing" and the EAEU Pharmacopoeia OFS.2.1.9.14 "Uniformity of Dosed Units".Conclusion. The conducted dissolution profile studies and uniformity of dosage for scored tablets of Captopril drugs show the example of possibility to identify potential problems with drugs quality presented on the Russian market and as a result improve and maintain quality assurance of drugs for the national healthcare system.