In recent years, 3D laser scanning technology has been applied to tunnel engineering. Although more intelligent than traditional measurement technology, it is still challenging to estimate the real-time deformation of NATM tunnel excavation from laser detection and ranging point clouds. To further improve the measurement accuracy of 3D laser scanning technology in the tunnel construction process, this paper proposes an improved Kriging filtering algorithm. Considering the spatial correlation of the described object, the optimization method of point cloud grid filtering is studied. By analyzing the full-space deformation field of the tunnel lining, the deformation information of the measuring points on the surface of the tunnel lining is extracted. Based on the actual project, through the on-site monitoring comparison test, the three-dimensional laser point cloud data are grid processed and analyzed, and the deformation data obtained from the test are compared with the data measured by traditional methods. The experimental results show that the Kriging filtering algorithm can not only efficiently identify and extract the tunnel profile visualization data but also efficiently and accurately obtain the tunnel deformation. The measurement results obtained by using the proposed technology are in good agreement with those obtained by using traditional monitoring methods. Therefore, tunnel deformation monitoring based on 3D laser scanning technology can better reflect the evolution of the tunnel full-space deformation field under certain environmental conditions and can provide an effective safety warning for tunnel construction.

In step with body Ⅱ, analytic solution and illustration of elastic energy releasing amount of rock mass dynamic destabilization are given for the first time in the form of precise and approximate catastrophe model. It is upgraded from qualitative understand to quantitative description that study on rock stability at the stage before and after earthquake and rockburst. The halting point’s position of rock mass dynamic destabilization is ascertained strictly, and it offers scientific basis for the calculation on earthquake efficiency, the study on earthquake energy magnitude released, earthquake stress drop, fault offset after earthquake and amount of elastic strain recovery of surrounding rock. The system possesses the capability of applying work to surroundings when it destabilizes, and earthquake wave energy is the work that destabilizing rock system applies to surroundings by way of destructive. The given illustration of elastic energy releasing amount implicates wealth of information, it produces credible evidence for confirming that the mathematical abstract of rock dynamic destabilization is fold catastrophe model.

The primary purpose of this paper is to analyze and predict the ground settlement law of large-span rectangular shield frame bridge jacking project, to provide a reference for the optimization design and safe construction of similar projects. In this paper, combined with the jacking project of ultra-shallow buried soft soil layer rectangular shield frame bridge, through the on-site monitoring, the settlement deformation law of the longitudinal and transverse sections of the expressway pavement during the jacking construction process is discussed, and the reasons for the large settlement and rebound are analyzed. The basic laws of the road surface settlement with time are summarized. Based on the Kriging spatiotemporal prediction model, the road surface settlement is predicted. The research shows that the transverse settlement trough of the pavement caused by the rectangular shield frame bridge’s jacking construction is stable within 15 m–20 m on both sides toward the axis and symmetrical along the coordinate axis and the alignment roughly conforms to the normal distribution. The influence range of settlement trough becomes greater and greater with shield jacking, and the final settlement curve is W-shaped. After comparing the predicted curve with the measured road settlement curve, we found that the two curves are in good agreement, and the prediction result of the Kriging spatiotemporal prediction model is valid, which can reflect the process of road deformation development during the jacking process of the shield.

Considering engineering problems such as complicated stress and the difficulty in controlling large deformation while a tunnel passes through a soft rock stratum, a theoretical prediction model of convergence deformation of tunnel-surrounding rock is proposed. Based on the longitudinal displacement profile curve reflecting the “space effect” of the excavation surface, the Hoek formula with better applicability was introduced to analyze and theoretically deduct the “time–space effect comprehensively.” By taking the influence of the “time effect” coefficient into account, an improved Nishihara model was established to derive the analytical equation of the viscoelastic–viscoplastic convergence of surrounding rock. Taking the Dingxi Tunnel of Wujing Expressway in Hunan Province, the physical and mechanical parameters of surrounding rock in the tunnel were firstly determined then they were used to calculate and predict the vault down of three typical sections with the scoping equation of surrounding rock deformation. Based on the calculation results, the causes of the differences between the measured and theoretical values were analyzed; moreover, it is indicated that the minimum root-mean-square error is 1.68, the minimum average error is 1.3%, and the correlation coefficient is 0.99. The comparison shows that the theoretical prediction results agree well with the corresponding field test results. The improved Nishihara model can accurately predict the final deformation of the surrounding rock. Simultaneously, it is also proved that the relevant parameters and the hypothesis and correlation of the nonlinear viscosity coefficient equation are reasonable, with particular effectiveness and applicability in practical engineering. This study is significant for further studying the tunnel-surrounding rock’s stability and accumulating theoretical and practical experience to develop rheological theory.