The results demonstrated that bio-yogurt and the probiotics that it contains are capable of inhibiting specific periodontal pathogens but have no effect on the periodontal protective bacteria.

No abstract

BackgroundAnterior repositioning splint (ARS) is used to treat temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disc displacement with reduction (DDwR). However, high recurrence rate remains a problem especially in patients with unstable occlusions.ObjectiveThis study optimised standard ARS therapy and proposed a step‐back ARS retraction (SAR) method in adult patients with DDwR.MethodsDental examinations and magnetic resonance imaging of TMJ were obtained before treatment (T0), 1 to 3 months (T1), 3 to 6 months (T2) and 6 to 12 months (T3) during treatment in 48 adults (average age 27.1 ± 5.7 years). After 3 months of basic ARS wearing, personalised treatment for patients with normal disc–condyle relationship was prescribed depending on bilaminar zone adaptations and severity of molar openbite. SAR which required sequential ARS wearing was designed for patients with deep overbite/overjet until retrodiscal tissue adaptations and stable occlusions were achieved.ResultsThe maximum interincisal opening was increased from 44.3 ± 6.9 to 45.3 ± 6.3 mm (p < .01), and joint pain was alleviated after ARS treatment. The overall success rate of ARS wearing was 92.1% (58/63) featured by a recaptured disc. Fifteen patients who underwent SAR therapy all showed bilaminar zone adaptations in the end, and one patient had positive condylar bone remodelling.ConclusionsARS treatment could improve mouth opening and joint symptoms in adult DDwR patients. SAR method was suitable for treating DDwR patients with deep overbite and overjet and improved retrodiscal tissue adaptations and condylar bone remodelling.

Research on metal salt-based deep eutectic solvent (DES) pretreatment is still in its infancy, and the effect of hydroxyl groups on Cl− in choline chloride (ChCl) is not resolved. In this study, a type IV DES composed of metal salt and glycerol (Gly) was prepared for pretreatment of moso bamboo to improve its enzymatic hydrolysis. The correlation between enzymatic hydrolysis and the contents of hemicelluloses and lignin was evaluated using the Box–Behnken design. The results showed that FeCl3-based DES was optimal among various DES. The solid recovery was reduced to 55.54% following FeCl3/Gly pretreatment, which was effective in the removal of hemicelluloses and lignin compared with ternary DES pretreatment (with ChCl) under mild conditions (100 °C, 3 h). With the increase of pretreatment temperature (120 °C, 2 h), a significant proportion of hemicelluloses (76.07%) and lignin (62.77%) was removed. The structure of FeCl3/Gly pretreatment residue was seriously damaged, and the glucose yield increased to 91.13% following enzymatic hydrolysis. This correlation indicated that the hemicelluloses’ content had a significant influence on enzymatic hydrolysis of the residue following FeCl3/Gly pretreatment. This study elucidates the pretreatment effect of metal salt-based DES, which will be helpful in the value-added conversion of moso bamboo under mild conditions.