Aim: The aim of the study is to determine the pre-treatment prevalence and associated factors of anxiety and depression in men with cancer of the prostate. Study Design: This is a prospective, cross-sectional study. Place and Duration:  The urology unit of Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital, Ado-Ekiti. Ekiti State, Nigeria. The study period was from 1st January 2018 to 31st December 2019. Methodology: A total of 46 consented male participants recently diagnosed with cancer of the prostate (CAP) were assessed for depression and anxiety disorders using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Participants also completed a sociodemographic questionnaire, an 8-item International Prostate Symptoms Score (IPSS) and a quality of life questionnaire (BS). Results: Forty-three and half percent (43.5%) of the participants suffered depression; anxiety disorder occurred in 21.7% of the participants. Only 2.2% of the participants had anxiety disorder without depression, while 23.9% had depression without anxiety disorder. Significant level of poor quality of life (QoL) was found among participants with depression and anxiety disorder. Having one psychiatric morbidity was associated with having another. Age of participants and other sociodemographic parameters were not associated with psychiatric morbidity. Conclusion: There is a high prevalence of anxiety disorder and depression among patients with cancer of the prostate. Assessment of these disorders should be included in the management of patients with prostate cancer to enhance early detection and prompt treatment for better patients’ clinical outcome.

Denial of pregnancy or cryptic pregnancy is a common and underdiagnosed medical condition which could be a big challenge in adolescent pregnancy. This is a case report of cryptic pregnancy in an inschool adolescent in which unsuspected labour in a hotel room resulted in a near miss. As denial of pregnancy is highly unpredictable and underdiagnosed, it has become imperative to have a high index of suspicion to be able to capture more people, especially the highly vulnerable adolescents that have the condition. At the primary level of prevention, sexual and reproductive health information, education and care, central to which is adolescent contraception, is Hobson's choice in secondary school educational curriculum.

This study aimed at determining the prevalence as well as correlates of insomnia among pregnant women attending the antenatal clinic of a tertiary health centre in a developing country. Insomnia was assessed using the insomnia severity index among 237 consecutive women attending the Antenatal clinic of Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital. Other relevant data such as obstetric history and psychological morbidity were collected using structured forms and the data was analysed using SPSS version 20. Logistic regression was done to determine factors associated with insomnia. Prevalence of insomnia among the respondents was 32.5% and factors associated with insomnia included high maternal age (OR = 1.092, CI = 1.013-1.177, P value = 0.022), and having psychological morbidity (OR= 1.218, CI= 1.067 -1.390, P value= 0.004). Though a higher number of women in the 3rd trimester had insomnia, this was however not statistically significant. This study has shown that insomnia during pregnancy is a common occurrence most especially during the last trimester of pregnancy. Common factors associated with it include older age of the patient and having a psychological morbidity. Screening for insomnia and offering some form of management may reduce some of the medical and psychological complications that may arise in the child and mother.

Aim:The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and correlates of anxiety and depression among psychoactive substance users in a rehabilitation centre. Place and Duration of Study:The study was carried out in a rehabilitation centre in Lagos state, Nigeria. Methodology: All the inhabitants of the centre who agreed to participate in the study were included in the study. However, individuals who had stayed at the centre for less than a week were excluded from the study because the effect of use or withdrawal effects of some of the drugs may mimic depressive or anxiety symptoms. The 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I) (anxiety modules) were used to asses for depression and anxiety disorder respectively. Results: A total of seventy six people participated in this study. Their ages ranged from 17 to 52 years (mean= 25.9 years SD= 8.4). A high number of the subjects were males (72.4%), single (78.7%) and unemployed (64.5%). Almost all the subjects (92.1%) were introduced to the use of Dada et al.; IJTDH, 39(3): 1-10, 2019; Article no.IJTDH.52828 2 psychoactive substances by friends/peers. Only 4 (5.3%) subjects reported injection drug use (IDU). 53.9% of the subjects had an anxiety disorder. While 68.4% had depression. The factors associated with having anxiety disorder were female sex, older age, being divorced/ separated/widowed, unemployment, multiple substance use, long duration of use of alcohol, cocaine and heroin. Factors associated with depression included; young age of onset of substance use, female sex, being separated or divorced or widowed, unemployment, long duration/ frequency of use of substances and multiple substance use. Conclusion: This study has shown that there is a high rate of anxiety and depression among psychoactive substance users. Original Research Article

Aims: To obtain sociodemographic and clinical profile of patients receiving Electroconvulsive therapy in a Nigerian psychiatric hospital. Study Design: A retrospective study. Place and duration: The study was carried out at the Federal Neuropsychiatric Hospital Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria over a period of 3 months. Methodology: An extensive review of the hospital records of patients receiving the modified form of electroconvulsive therapy for the first time over a period of eight years was done.  The demographic information, clinical diagnosis and indication for electroconvulsive therapy were retrieved and analysis was done using SPSS 19. Results: There were a total of 222 cases, ranging from 45 in 2000 to 21 in 2007. Mean age was 31.7 ± 9.65. Male: female ratio was 1:2. Almost 60% of them were single and unemployed. Clinical diagnosis using ICD 10 ranged from schizophrenia (44.8%), severe depression (27.8%), bipolar disorder (15.5%) to puerperal psychosis (8.2%). Indications for electroconvulsive therapy included psychosis (41.6%), severe depressive episode (25.8%), catatonia (23.7%) and manic episode (7.4%). Conclusion: This study has shown that the use of ECT has declined in the facility over the study periods.  Also, females were twice as likely to receive electroconvulsive therapy compared to males and schizophrenia still remains the most common diagnosis among the patients.