ABSTRACT.Purpose: The purposes of this study were to establish criteria for the diameters of normal extraocular muscles, the width of the optic nerve, and the globe position as revealed by CT, and to investigate the effects of age and sex on these parameters in the Korean population. Subjects and Methods: Diameters of extraocular muscles (medial, lateral, superior complex, and inferior rectus), distance from the interzygomatic line to the posterior margin of the globe, width of the optic nerve-sheath complex, and length of the interzygomatic line were calculated for 214 patients on axial and direct coronal CT images, and the effects of age and sex were analyzed. Results: Normal range for the diameters as given by mean∫2SDs of extraocular muscles were medial rectus, 2.2-5.4 mm; lateral rectus, 2.1-4.9 mm; inferior rectus, 2.5-5.7 mm; and superior complex group, 2.6-6.4 mm. The mean optic nerve-sheath complex was 4.1 mm and the values ranged from 2.9 mm to 5.3 mm. The mean length of the interzygomatic line was 103.8 mm. The normal posterior position of the globe as here designed was 11.2 mm behind the interzygomatic line (range, 6.4-15.3 mm). All parameters under study were a little larger in males than females. Statistically, however, there was no significant difference between males' and females' results, nor between the various age groups (pϾ0.05). Conclusion: Our CT results may help clinical ophthalmologists to accurately assess enlargement of the extraocular muscles and the optic nerve as well as aiding in the evaluation of exophthalmos.Key words: age -CT -diameter of extraocular muscle -interzygomatic line-eye position in orbit.

Intravitreal injection of 0.5 mg candesartan would be safe in the rabbit eyes. The half-life of candesartan was short in the vitreous, and modification of the delivery method would be required to extend the action duration for clinical applications.

The photoreceptor layer can be analyzed as a map using spectral-domain OCT. In the treatment of both MH and CSC, PLM may provide new pathological information about the photoreceptor layer to expand our understanding of these diseases.

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