Introduction. Mexico harbors a great diversity of Spondias purpurea ecotypes, whose fruit is called Mexican plum and has a good consumer acceptance because of its organoleptic and nutritional characteristics. Materials and methods. The concentrations of metabolites in 11 ecotypes of Mexican plum were determined from samples of rind (epicarp) and pulp originating from fresh seasonal fruit. Results and discussion. The mass of these fruits varied from 11.1 to 35.0 g, and the epicarp color ranged from purple and red, to orange and yellow. The content of total soluble solids, total sugars, and vitamin C was of 9.4−18.2 • Brix, 101.0−185.9 mg g −1 fresh weight (FW), and 0.6−2.1 mg g −1 FW, respectively. The total phenolic content was always higher in the epicarp (3.7 mg g −1 FW) than in the pulp (1.3 mg −1 FW), as was the total content of carotenoids and the levels of antioxidant activity. Additionally, positive correlations could be established between antioxidant activity and total phenolics, total phenolics and total carotenoids, and between the antioxidant activity in the epicarp and the total content of vitamin C. In addition, negative correlations were found between hue and the carotenoid content of the pulp, and between hue and the antioxidant activity in the epicarp and pulp. Conclusion. The results suggest that a higher content of phenols, carotenoids, and vitamin C, together with a purple or red coloration of the epicarp, can all be associated with an increase in the antioxidant activities of the epicarp and pulp of the Mexican plum.Keywords: Mexico / Latin America / Mexican plum / Spondias purpurea / antioxidant activity / carotenoids / phenolics / vitamin C / nutritional value Résumé -Attributs de qualité et composés fonctionnels des fruits de divers écotypes de prune mexicaine (Spondias purpurea L.). Introduction. Le Mexique abrite une grande diversité d'écotypes de Spondias purpurea dont le fruit est appelé prune mexicaine et possède une bonne image auprès des consommateurs en raison de ses caractéristiques organoleptiques et nutritionnelles. Matériel et méthodes. Les concentrations en métabolites de 11 écotypes de prune mexicaine ont été déterminées à partir d'échantillons de la peau (épicarpe) et de la pulpe de fruits frais de saison. Résultats et discussion. La masse de ces fruits s'est inscrite entre 11,1 et 35,0 g, et la couleur de l'épicarpe pouvait varier du rouge violacé à l'orange et au jaune. Le contenu en solides solubles totaux, en sucres totaux, et en vitamine C variait de 9,4 à 18,2 • Brix, de 101,0 à 185,9 mg g −1 poids frais (FW), et de 0,6 à 2,1 mg g −1 FW, respectivement. Le contenu phénolique était toujours plus élevé dans l'épicarpe (3,7 mg g −1 FW) que dans la pulpe (1,3 mg g −1 FW), tout comme la teneur en caroténoïdes totaux et les niveaux d'activité anti-oxydante. En outre, des corrélations positives ont pu être établies entre l'activité anti-oxydante et les composés phénoliques totaux, entre les composés phénoliques totaux et les caroténoïdes totaux, et entre l'activité anti-oxyda...
Biodegradable alternatives for the control of Aspergillus flavus in fig fruit were tested with the application of coatings based on chitosan (CS) and propolis (P). To potentiate the fungicidal effect, nanoparticles of these two (CSNPs and PNPs) were also considered. The objectives of this research were to evaluate the effect of different formulations on: (a) the ripening process of the fig, (b) the incidence of A. flavus and the production of aflatoxins, and (c) the acceptance of the treated fruit by a panel. The nanostructured coatings did not influence the ripening process of the fruit during the 12 days of storage, however, the antioxidant activity increased by approximately 30% with the coating CS + PNPs + P. The figs treated with CS + CSNPs + PNPs + P, inhibited the growth of the fungus by about 20% to 30% under laboratory and semi-commercial conditions. For all treatments, the aflatoxin production was lower than 20 ppb compared to the control with values of c.a. 250 ppb. The sensory quality was acceptable among the panel. The edible coatings can be a non-toxic alternative for post-harvest preservation and the consumption of fig fruit. The next step will be its inclusion and evaluation at a commercial level in packing houses.
Vanadium (V) can be absorbed by plants and regulate their growth and development, although contrasting effects have been reported among species and handling conditions. The objective of this work was to evaluate the beneficial effect of V on pepper plants (Capsicum annuum L.). The plants were grown in a hydroponic system with the application of four V concentrations (0, 5, 10, and 15 μM NH₄VO₃). Four weeks after the beginning of the treatments, growth, flowering, biomass, chlorophyll concentration, total amino acids, total soluble sugars, and nutrients were determined in leaves, stems, and roots. The application of 5 μM V increased plant growth, induced floral bud development, and accelerated flowering. The chlorophyll concentration varied according to the type of plant part analyzed. The concentrations of amino acids and sugars in leaves and roots were higher with 5 μM. With 10 and 15 μM V, the plants were smaller and showed toxicity symptoms. The K concentration in leaves decreased as the V dose increased (0 to 15 μM). However, 5 μM V increased the concentrations of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Cu, Mn, and B, exclusively in stems. The application of 15 μM V decreased the concentrations of Mg and Mn in leaves, but increased those of P, Ca, Mg, Cu, and B in roots. We conclude that V has positive effects on pepper growth and development, as well as on the concentrations of amino acids and total sugars. V was antagonistic with K, Mg, and Mn in leaves, while in stems and roots, there was synergism with macro and micronutrients. Vanadium is a beneficial element with the potential to be used in biostimulation approaches of crops like pepper.
Echeveria, género representativo de Crassulaceae por representar 97% de especies endémicas; sus plantas tienen características morfológicas atractivas para la horticultura ornamental. El conocimiento de las características reproductivas es útil para el mejoramiento genético, necesario para ser utilizado en las polinizaciones y aumentar la posibilidad de éxito de la fecundación. El objetivo fue conocer la viabilidad de polen, receptividad del estigma y tipo de polinización de cinco especies de Echeveria, con fines de mejoramiento genético. El trabajo se realizó de 2011 a 2013, en Cuernavaca, Morelos. Se usaron cinco especies E. agavoides, E. elegans, E. runyonii, E. pumila, E. perle. La viabilidad de polen se determinó mediante el método de tinción con ácido ácetico-carmín. La receptividad del estigma se evaluó con el método de Osborn; la evaluación fue a las 8:00, 10:00, 12:00, 14:00, 16:00, y 18:00 h. Para tipo de polinización se realizaron cuatro modalidades: 1) autopolinización; 2) emascular y cubrir flores; 3) polinización cruzada intra específica; y 4) polinización cruzada inter específica; se evaluo amarre de fruto y viabilidad de semillas. E. agavoides tuvo mayor porcentaje de polen viable (72.7%). La mayor receptividad se tuvo de 12:00 a 14:00 h (94.6 a 98%). En las cuatro modalidades de polinización se obtuvó 100% de amarre de fruto; solo hubo semilla viable en los frutos de polinización cruzada intra-específica (12.3%) y polinización cruzada inter-específica (11.3 a 12.3%). La polinización de las especies estudiadas fue cruzada. E. perle y E. runyonii no pueden fungir como hembras por no formar semillas viables.
El biocarbón es un material sólido poroso que se produce por la conversión termoquímica de materiales orgánicos en un ambiente limitado o en ausencia de oxígeno; tiene propiedades físico-químicas aptas para el almacenamiento a largo plazo de carbono y, potencialmente, mejora la fertilidad de los suelos. El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar la concentración nutrimental en biocarbón elaborado con cascarilla de arroz (Oryza sativa L.) y adicionado con ácido cítrico, maleico y propiónico al 5 y 10 % como catalizadores. El biocarbón se elaboró con la técnica de carbonización hidrotérmica a 200 ºC durante 19 h. Se determinó el rendimiento de biocarbón, concentración de materia orgánica y de N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, Si y Na. Los mayores rendimientos de biocarbón (66 %) se obtuvieron cuando se añadieron los ácidos maleico y cítrico al 10 %. El mayor contenido de materia orgánica (71 %) se obtuvo con ácido maleico al 5 %. En general, los tres macronutrimentos con mayor concentración (mg kg-1) fueron Ca (4386-10,988), N (3067- 4467) y K (327-3530), mientras que los micronutrimentos con mayor concentración (mg kg-1) fueron Fe (77.1-238.3) y Mn (75.4-281.4), así como el elemento benéfico Na (92.8-160.0). Por sus características de rendimiento, concentraciones de materia orgánica y nutrimental, el biocarbón de cascarilla de arroz potencialmente se podría usar como mejorador de suelos agrícolas.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
customersupport@researchsolutions.com
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.