Fabry disease is an X-linked inborn error of glycosphingolipid catabolism due to deficient activity of α-galactosidase A that leads to accumulation of the enzyme substrates, mainly globotriaosylceramide (Gb3), in body fluids and lysosomes of many cell types. Some pathophysiology hypotheses are intimately linked to reactive species production and inflammation, but until this moment there is no in vivo study about it. Hence, the aim of this study was to investigate oxidative stress parameters, pro-inflammatory cytokines and Gb3 levels in Fabry patients under treatment with enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) and finally to establish a possible relation between them. We analyzed urine and blood samples of patients under ERT (n=14) and healthy age-matched controls (n=14). Patients presented decreased levels of antioxidant defenses, assessed by reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity and increased superoxide dismutase/catalase (SOD/CAT) ratio in erythrocytes. Concerning to the damage to biomolecules (lipids and proteins), we found that plasma levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyl groups and di-tyrosine (di-Tyr) in urine were increased in patients. The pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α were also increased in patients. Urinary Gb3 levels were positively correlated with the plasma levels of IL-6, carbonyl groups and MDA. IL-6 levels were directly correlated with di-Tyr and inversely correlated with GPx activity. This data suggest that pro-inflammatory and pro-oxidant states occur, are correlated and seem to be induced by Gb3 in Fabry patients.

Resumo: Nas duas últimas décadas , vários países passaram por importantes e significativas mudanças na educação superior. Não diferentemente, no Brasil, devido à implantação de diversos programas de governos, ocorreu uma expansão da educação superior, e possibilitou um maior acesso dos estudantes à graduação. Neste mesmo sentido, aumentou o número de alunos ingressantes, no ensino superior, carentes de conhecimentos básicos que deveriam ter sido adquiridos no Ensino Médio, principalmente nas disciplinas de química, física, matemática e biologia, fatos estes que contribuem para o aumento da evasão e da retenção dos estudantes. Dessa forma, o Programa de Tutoria, na disciplina de Química Orgânica do Curso de Ciências Agrárias-CSL, teve como objetivos: contribuir para a redução da evasão e da retenção dos discentes, além de ampliar os conhecimentos dos discentes na área da Química Orgânica, destacar a importância da tutoria como proposta de intervenção didático-pedagógica nos conteúdos ementários e nas atividades propostas pela disciplina em questão na Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei -campus Sete Lagoas, ampliando os conhecimentos na área da Química e propondo alternativas capazes de otimizar as relações de ensino-aprendizagem dessa disciplina na educação básica. Os resultados obtidos deste programa foram promissores desde a sua implantação. Observou-se uma redução na taxa de evasão dos alunos que cursam a Química Orgânica, com maior índice de aprovação, promovendo um nivelamento dos conhecimentos do ensino básico.Palavras-chave: Educação Superior; Evasão e Retenção; Ciências Agrárias. AbstractIn the last two decades , several countries have undergone important and significant changes in their universities. Not unlikely in Brazil, due to the implementation of several government programs, there was an increase of universities allowing greater application of students. Likewise the number of incoming students lacking the basic knowledge that should have been acquired in high school has increased, especially in the disciplines of chemistry, physics, mathematics and biology, what has influenced the rise number of dropout and retention of students. Thus, the Mentoring Program in the organic chemistry discipline at Agricultural Science courses, aimed helped to reduce dropout and retention of students, besides broadening students knowledge in organic chemistry. In addition, the program aimed to highlight the importance of mentoring as a proposal of pedagogical/ didactic intervention in content and activities for the discipline of organic chemistry at these courses of the Federal University of São João del-Rei -campus Sete Lagoas; broadening knowledge in chemistry field and proposing alternatives able to optimize better teaching-learning relationship of this discipline in basic education. The program outcomes were promising since its implementation. The organic chemistry students evasion rate decreased, bringing higher rate of approval, promoting a common leveling of basic knowledge.