TiO2 nanoparticles were synthesized using 1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (BMI·BF4) ionic liquid and doped with non-expensive metals Cu2+ and Fe3+ by the sol–gel method.

Palladium nanoparticles stabilized by poly (N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) (PVP) can be synthesized by corresponding Pd(acac)2(acac = acetylacetonate) as precursor in methanol at 80°C for 2 h followed by reduction with NaBH4and immobilized onto SiO2prepared by sol-gel process under acidic conditions (HF or HCl). The PVP/Pd molar ratio is set to 6. The effect of the sol-gel catalyst on the silica morphology and texture and on Pd(0) content was investigated. The catalysts prepared (ca.2% Pd(0)/SiO2/HF andca.0,3% Pd(0)/SiO2/HCl) were characterized by TEM, FAAS, and SEM-EDS. Palladium nanoparticles supported in silica with a size 6.6 ± 1.4 nm were obtained. The catalytic activity was tested in hydrogenation of alkenes.

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In this work, TiO 2 nanoparticles were synthesized and doped using nonexpensive metals Cu 2+ and Fe 3+ by the solgel method. The 1% Cu 2+ -doped TiO 2 NPs and 1% Fe 3+ -doped TiO 2 NPs photocatalysts were been characterized by Scanning electron microscopy and dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analysis (BET), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X ray diffraction (XRD) to determine its morphological, textural and structural characteristics. XRD analysis confirmed the presence of two crystalline phases , anatase (majority) and rutile. SEM micrographs showed spherical particles of the TiO 2 and compact layers for 1% Cu 2+ and 1% Fe 3+ -doped TiO 2 NPs. EDX analysis confirmed only the presence of Ti, O, Fe and Cu. BET analysis exhibited that mesoporous materials were generated, with pore diameter between 12-16 nm and similar values for surface area (55-63 m 2 /g). The TEM images exhibited spherical shape nanoparticles with mean diameter of 20-22 nm. The Cu 2+ and Fe 3+ -doped TiO 2 NPs photocatalysts, were investigated on phenol degradation under UV/Visible irradiation and quantified by HPLC-FLD. The catalytic activity was investigated in different concentrations (0.5; 1; 5 and 10%) metal-TiO 2 NPs. The best catalytic activity occurred at phenol photodegradation by Cu 2+ and Fe 3+ -doped TiO 2 NPs atomic ratio 1.0 percent. The photocatalysts 1% Cu 2+doped TiO 2 NPs and 1% Fe 3+ -doped TiO 2 NPs exhibited high catalytic activity (99.9%) in phenol degradation.