Objective: to analyze the factors associated with the human papillomavirus as related to cervical cancer. Methods: cross-sectional study carried out using secondary data from 75 medical records. The chi-squared and Fisher’s exact tests were used, considering papillomavirus infections as an outcome. Odds ratio were used to measure the effect, and the level of significance adopted was 5%. Results: the characteristics associated to the infection by the papillomavirus were: being 24 years old or younger (odds ratio=19.11; p=0.001), having finished high school or higher education (odds ratio=4.06; p=0.031), having multiple sex partners (odds ratio=5.50; p=0.028), and having not gone through menopause (p=0.009). Conclusion: sexual behavior and socioeconomic issues are related to cervical cancer as associated with the papillomavirus infection.