Nanometer lanthanum borate was prepared by ultrasonic-assisted chemical precipitation. X-ray diffraction and a laser particle size analyzer were used to study the heat treatment temperature on the micro-structure of the nanoparticles, and the tribological properties of nanoparticles were explored for friction and wear using a MMU-10G testing machine. The results show that the heat treatment temperature not only determines the crystallization degree and crystal type of nanometer lanthanum borate, but also greatly affects the anti-friction and wear-resistance properties of the base oil. When the heat treatment temperature is between 300°C and 600°C, amorphous La2[B4O5(OH)4]3 nanoparticles are formed. Featuring strong chemical activity, adsorption on the friction surface, and a significant anti-wear self-repair effect, the nanoparticles can promote the formation of a tribochemical reaction film. When the heat treatment temperature exceeds 900°C, the particle size distribution in the bed becomes broader and shifts to a larger size. Hard-phase crystal LaBO3 and B2O3 particles are formed, which intensifies the abrasive wear and the tribological properties are reduced.

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