High-Chromium White Cast Iron is a material highly used in mining and drilling shafts for oil extraction, due to its high wear resistance. However, because of the austenitic matrix found in the as-cast state, an adequate heat treatment cycle is necessary. This paper studies the effects of different cooling media after a destabilization treatment on the microstructure, hardening and abrasion resistance behaviors of a hypoeutectic high chromium white cast iron. The results show that although air cooling followed by immersion in CO 2 can effectively reduce the retained austenite, this is not enough to transform completely the retained austenite into martensite. The low retained austenite percentages improve bulk hardness, but they decrease the abrasion resistance of the high chromium cast iron. The best combination of hardness and wear resistance was found in the samples cooled in air, due to the percentage of retained austenite and a moderate precipitation of chromium carbide.Keywords: High chromium white cast iron, HCWCI, White cast iron, Chromium carbides, Hardness, Wear testing, Austenite, Martensite. Improvement of abrasive wear resistance of the high chromium cast iron ASTM A-532 through thermal treatment cycles ResumenLas fundiciones blancas de hierro al alto cromo son muy usadas en la minería y en la perforación de pozos petroleros, debido a su alta resistencia al desgaste; sin embargo, debido a que en el estado de colada su microestructura es austenítica, es necesario someterlas a un adecuado ciclo de tratamiento térmico. Este trabajo estudia los efectos de los diferentes medios de enfriamiento después de un tratamiento de desestabilización de la microestructura y, por ende, el efecto del grado de endurecimiento sobre el comportamiento a la abrasión de una fundición blanca al alto cromo hipoeutéctica. Los resultados muestran que a pesar de que el enfriamiento al aire, seguido por inmersión en CO 2 , puede reducir eficazmente la austenita retenida, esto no es suficiente para transformarla completamente en martensita. El bajo porcentaje de austenita retenida incrementa la dureza del material, pero disminuye la resistencia a la abrasión de las fundiciones al alto cromo. La mejor combinación de dureza y resistencia al desgaste se encontró en las muestras enfriadas al aire, debido al porcentaje de austenita retenida y a una moderada precipitación de carburos de cromo.Palabras clave: HCWCI, Fundiciones blancas de hierro, Fundición al alto cromo, Carburos de cromo, Austenita, Martensita. ResumoAs fundições brancas de ferro ao alto cromo são muito usadas na mineração e na perfuração de poços petroleiros, devido a sua alta resistência ao desgaste; porém, devido a que no estado de lingotamento sua microestrutura é austenítica, é necessário submetê-las a um adequado ciclo de tratamento térmico. Este trabalho estuda os efeitos dos diferentes meios de resfriamento depois de um tratamento de desestabilização da microestrutura e, consequentemente, o efeito do grau de endurecimento sobre o comportamento à abrasão ...
This paper studies the influence of variables such as holding temperatures and times during austempering of High Chromium White Cast Iron (HCWCI), with the following chemical composition: Cr 25 %, C 3 %, Si 0.47 %, Mn 0.74 % and Mo 1.02 %. The aim of the austempering was to modify the percentage of retained austenite and its correlation to abrasive wear resistance under different conditions. Microhardness tests, SEM-EDS and XRD were performed to determine mechanical properties, chemical composition, and type of carbides and microstructures present, respectively. The tests complied with the ASTM G-65 standard. Results showed that the best performance against abrasion was achieved for austempering at 450 ºC with holding time of 6 hours.Keywords: Austempered; Retained austenite; Abrasive wear; High chromium white cast iron; Chromium carbides. ResumenEste trabajo estudia la influencia de variables tales como tiempo y temperatura de sostenimiento durante el austemperado de una fundición blanca al alto cromo con la siguiente composición: Cr, 25 %; C, 3 %; Si, 0.47 %; Mn, 0.74 %, y Mo, 1.02 %. El objetivo del austemperado fue modificar el porcentaje de austenita retenida, y * Ph. D. Universidad del Atlántico (Barranquilla-Atlántico, Colombia). oscarhiguera@mail.uniatlantico.edu.co. ORCID: 0000-0002-4836-5215. ** Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira (Pereira-Risaralda, Colombia). *** Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira (Pereira-Risaralda, Colombia). **** Ph. D. Universidad del Atlántico (Barranquilla-Atlántico, Colombia). monicamonsalve@mail.uniatlantico.edu.co. ORCID: 0000-0002-9902-8518. ***** Ph. D. Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira (Pereira-Risaralda, Colombia). dhmesa@utp.edu.co. Microstructural evolution during austempering of a ASTM A-532 CLASS III type high chromium white cast iron undergoing abrasive wear correlacionarlo con la resistencia al desgaste abrasivo bajo diferentes condiciones; los ensayos fueron realizados según los lineamientos de la norma ASTM G65. Las técnicas de microdureza MEB-EDS y DRX fueron realizadas para determinar las propiedades mecánicas, composición química, tipo de carburos y microestructuras presentes, respectivamente. Los resultados mostraron que la mejor resistencia a la abrasión fue alcanzada a una temperatura de austemperado de 450 ºC y a 6 horas de permanencia.Palabras clave: Austemperado; Austenita retenida; Desgaste abrasivo; Fundiciones al alto cromo; Carburos de cromo. ResumoEste trabalho estuda a influência de variáveis tais como tempo e temperatura de sustentabilidade durante o austemperado de uma fundição branca ao alto cromo com a seguinte composição: Cr, 25 %; C, 3 %; Si, 0.47 %; Mn, 0.74 %, e Mo, 1.02 %. O objetivo do austemperado foi modificar a porcentagem de austenita retida, e correlacioná-lo com a resistência ao desgaste abrasivo sob diferentes condições; os ensaios foram realizados segundo as diretrizes da norma ASTM G65. As técnicas de microdureza MEB-EDS e DRX foram realizadas para determinar as propriedades mecânicas, composição química, tipo de carbonet...
The phenomenon of cavitation erosion consists of the formation, growth, and collapse of bubbles in liquid media. The bubbles are responsible for the damage generated to metal and non-metal materials. Consequently, there is a pronounced degradation on the material surface, producing a scar in the impact area of the bubbles, and eventually the detachment of material. This experimental work aims to determine the performance of AISI 304 stainless steel base and coated with SiC. The SiC coating was obtained by the Chemical Vapor Deposition technique assisted by plasma. The tests were done through an ultrasonic cavitometer with a frequency of 28 kHz in an aqueous medium using tap water. According to the evidence of mass loss, results indicate that the stainless steel coated with SiC have better wear resistance than stainless steel base. In addition, failure mechanisms as cracking, plastic deformation, pits and others, were identified.
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