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Nine dogs undergoing general anaesthesia for various procedures between April and May 2015 at the University of Liverpool Small Animal Teaching Hospital experienced suspected anaphylaxis following intravenous administration of 20 mg/kg amoxicillin clavulanate. Common clinical signs, which developed during or immediately after antibiotic administration, included periorbital and muzzle oedema, erythematous wheals and moderate to severe hypotension. Each of these cases was anaesthetised by different people so a standardised intervention protocol was not employed. However, treatment generally consisted of discontinuation of antibiotic administration, anti-histamine administration, intravenous crystalloid fluid therapy and sympathomimetic drugs depending on severity of hypotension. All nine dogs recovered uneventfully from general anaesthesia although some mild dermatological signs persisted for several hours after recovery. No long-term complications have been reported. The two most severely affected cases are described in detail in this report and the rest are summarised in Table 1.

Three horses presenting with colic signs to the Equine Referral Hospital at The Royal Veterinary College underwent general anaesthesia between September 2013 and November 2017 for emergency exploratory laparotomy. No obvious cause for the colic signs was identified in two horses, while a haemoperitoneum was identified in the third. All horses were euthanased within 12 hours of surgery due to deteriorating haemodynamic instability and/or intractable pain. Postmortem examination revealed an adrenal mass in each case, confirmed to be a pheochromocytoma on histopathology. In retrospect, each horse had some hallmark characteristics consistent with a functional pheochromocytoma, including hyperglycaemia and hyperlactataemia. Extremely high packed cell volume (PCV) (>65 per cent) was also identified in two horses, with a high-normal PCV found in the haemoperitoneum case. Perioperative haemodynamic instability was predominantly characterised by episodes of intermittent hypertension and tachycardia.

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