Based on the operational measurement, of which content was to determine ladle thermal profile, there were analysed causes of possible damage of lining in steel ladles by steel breakout through the ladle shell. There exists connection between thermal state of ladle lining during the operation and its lifetime. There were reached to the conclusion that the cause of failure in the lining of ladle is except for high temperature of bath, also wide interval of temperature change during the tap operation, in consequence with possible insufficient pre-heating of ladle, discontinuous operation of aggregate and damage of insulating lining layer, respectively deformation of ladles shell.

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When describing the behaviour and modelling of real systems, which are characterized by considerable complexity, great difficulty, and often the impossibility of their formal mathematical description, and whose operational monitoring and measurement are difficult, conventional analytical–statistical models run into the limits of their use. The application of these models leads to necessary simplifications, which cause insufficient adequacy of the resulting mathematical description. In such cases, it is appropriate for modelling to use the methods brought by a new scientific discipline—artificial intelligence. Artificial intelligence provides very promising tools for describing and controlling complex systems. The method of neural networks was chosen for the analysis of the lifetime of the teeming ladle. Artificial neural networks are mathematical models that approximate non-linear functions of an arbitrary waveform. The advantage of neural networks is their ability to generalize the dependencies between individual quantities by learning the presented patterns. This property of a neural network is referred to as generalization. Their use is suitable for processing complex problems where the dependencies between individual quantities are not exactly known.

A method of contactless identification is proposed for steel ladles to eliminate manual inputs that negatively affect the monitoring system of ladles. It is an RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) method based on the principle of radio data transmission between the sensor and a moving object (in our case, a ladle), which is equipped with a so-called transponder (RFID tag). The RFID tag was part of the ladle; it was placed on its shell, reaching a temperature often exceeding 250 °C. The temperature limit for using an RFID transponder is 120 °C. For this reason, thermal insulation protection was made for the RFID transponder. Its design was preceded by simulations of temperature fields using numerical methods. The aim was to compare the resulting values obtained from numerical simulations with the actually measured temperatures and, on this basis, to subsequently perform a numerical simulation for conditions that are not operationally measurable.