Purpose Waqf has the quality of perpetuity so waqf properties cannot be sold, bought or given as a gift to others. Therefore, it is necessary to make sure that the property is fully used and properly managed by the Malaysian Islamic councils. To properly manage these properties, it is essential for the councils to have a proper reporting. Unfortunatley, this is not the case in the present situation for waqf. It was found that there is a lack of reporting on waqf matters. The purpose of this paper is to explore how the Islamic governance can contribute to the sufficient and adequate of waqf reporting. Design/methodology/approach This paper described what is being practised at present for waqf reporting. A series of Islamic governance literature was proposed in reinforcing waqf reporting. Findings This paper fulfils a gap in prior research by discussing several systems in Islamic governance to achieve transparency in waqf reporting. The findings of this paper may provide a significant contribution to any organisation that act as a trustee for waqf. Practical implications This paper provides an opportunity for further theoretical approach in defining and describing the role of governance in the reinforcement of waqf reporting. The paper has recommended several strategies towards better governance in Islamic council, and these suggestions can be offered to the councils for improvement. Social implications This research will be of interest to policy makers, especially Government and State Government. Given the current debate in Malaysia on the most appropriate forms of regulation for the Islamic sector, this study aims to provide valuable insights into the role of Islamic governance in the system of regulation. Originality/value This paper examined several governance system in Islamic governance to be applied in any Islamic organisation. This paper specifically deals governance issue that should be practised by present councils to prevent lack in waqf reporting. This system discusses the ways Islamic councils should perform since the system was originally implemented by a previous, distinguished caliph, Umar Al-Khattab.

This study aims to examine the effect of Corporate Governance Structure (CG) and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) on Financial Difficulties. The contribution of this research is to explore the truth of CG goals and achieve quality CSR reporting and can provide solutions to conditions before and when companies experience financial difficulties and provide things that are considered important to anticipate the possibility of financial difficulties. CG in this study uses the size of the audit committee and independent commissioners, then CSR is measured by the quality of CSR disclosure. The data analysis method used is multiple linear regression. The results of this study are the audit committee has no effect on financial difficulties but the independent commissioner has a negative effect on financial difficulties. The contribution of the proportion of independent directors apparently contributed more to the proportion of the number of audit committees. The proportion of the audit committee is not able to minimize or even be a solutive effect on the financial difficulties of companies in Indonesia. The audit committee is a form of responsibility for compliance with government regulations only. The test results also support the influence of CSR on financial difficulties assuming that the quality of CSR disclosure has a significant negative effect on corporate financial difficulties. Disclosure and implementation of CSR activities can have an effect to minimize if in the future the company experiences financial difficulties, the guarantee of funds will remain well distributed so as to minimize the financial difficulties experienced by the company.

This paper examines the attributes or factors contributing to the lack of reporting by Islamic councils. To gain feedback on how such problems can be solved, the researcher conducted interviews with experts from Islamic organisations. The findings of this paper may provide insights into how the waqf accounting is accepted by the Islamic Religious Council and the importance of the role of councils in ensuring transparency in reporting.

The microfinance industry has contributed significantly to sustainable socioeconomic growth. In spite of its remarkable significance, microfinance still faces some obstacles in the industry. A significant challenge is its poor performance in terms of business growth due to lack of integrative approaches and creative resources. In response to this issue, a collaboration between Waqf and Microfinance is proposed to develop socioeconomic growth for sustainability. However, the element of urgency as an intangible resource is needed to ensure the collaboration practice will perform well and significantly contribute towards sustainable socioeconomic growth. Thus, this study aims to examine the impact of urgency on the performance of Waqf-Microfinance project collaborations. To contextualize sustainability within the collaborative practice, this study has evaluated the mediating influence of sustainability in terms of the relationship between urgency and the performance of Waqf-Microfinance collaborative projects. Subsequently, the advance partial least square technique (PLS) was employed as the primary approach to assessing the research model of the study. A quantitative approach was employed in this study. Industry practitioners are encouraged to adopt this research framework in developing a model that can provides a comprehensive guideline on the importance of urgency to enhance the performance of waqf- microfinance collaboration.

Purpose This study aims to examine the factors influencing the effectiveness of zakat distribution to university students. Specifically, it examines technology improvement, procedural application and governance on Sarawak university students’ zakat distribution effectiveness. Design/methodology/approach This study used the questionnaire as a research instrument and divided it into five parts. Part A gathers demographic information of respondents. Part B measures the respondent’s opinion on current technology improvement. Part C measures university students’ opinion on zakat application procedures. Part D measures the governance concept of the zakat institution. Part E measures the effectiveness of zakat distribution. Findings This study found technology improvement and governance significantly influence the effectiveness of zakat distribution to university students. This study provides no significant influence of the procedural application on zakat distribution’s efficacy to university students. Research limitations/implications This study suggested that technology plays an essential role in zakat distribution effectiveness by providing faster data processing, easier retrieval of information and time reduction to complete a task. The enforcement of good governance by zakat institutions allows them to be competitive, meets the stakeholders’ demand and serves them better. Practical implications This study provides understanding to the zakat institutions in developing appropriate zakat distribution strategies and strengthening their management and governance system. Originality/value This paper integrates technology improvement, procedural application and governance in zakat distribution.