The aim of this work was to study the production of e bromelain from the Ananas comosus L. Merril, by determining the process conditions using flat membranes. The production system modeling generated a hyperbolical curve and the optimization by response surfaces showed an influence of the transmembrane pressure higher than the pH influence. The cost of the production of bromelain from A. comosus was estimated 9 to 13 times lower than Sigma's retail sales price and 6.5 to 8.5 times lower than when this enzyme was obtained through a liquid-liquid extraction, which showed the economical feasibility of the process.
RESUMOO curauá (Ananas erectifolius L.B. Smith) é uma planta característica do Norte e Centro-oeste do Brasil e produz uma fibra de alta resistência, com aplicações nas diversas áreas, principalmente na indústria automobilística. Pertencente à família das Bromeliaceae, contém níveis significativos de bromelina, conjunto de enzimas proteolíticas com aplicação em diferentes áreas, tais como em indústrias alimentícias, farmacêuticas e de cosméticos. Neste trabalho avaliou-se a purificação da enzima presente nas folhas do curauá (Ananas erectifolius L.B. SMITH), através de sistema bifásico aquoso PEG 4000/Fosfato de potássio e se mediu a atividade enzimática em cada fase, pelo método de Biureto, obtendo-se o fator de purificação (FP), com o objetivo de otimizar as condições de purificação da bromelina. Utilizaram-se 3 valores de pH 7,0; 8,0 e 9,0 variando-se a composição proporcional entre a fase polimérica e a salina (tie-lines), Foi utilizada a variedade roxa do curauá, em que os resultados mostraram que o sistema PEG 4000/Fosfato de potássio com maior concentração polimérica e em pH 7,0, apresentou melhor resultado na purificação enzimática. Palavras-chave:Ananas erectifolius, bromelina, purificação, sistema bifásico aquoso, pH PURIFICATION OF BROMELAIN ENZYME FROM CURAUÁ (Ananas erectifolius LB Smith) PURPLE VARIETY, BY AQUEOUS TWO-PHASE SYSTEM PEG 4000/POTASSIUM PHOSPHATE ABSTRACT Curauá (Ananas erectifolius LB Smith) is a typical plant of northern and central-western Brazil.It produces a highly strong fiber with applications in several areas, mainly in the automotive industry. Belonging to the family of Bromeliaceae, it contains significant levels of bromelain, a group of proteolysis' enzymes with application in several areas such as in the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetics industries. In this work we evaluated the purification of the enzyme present in the leaves of Curauá by means of an aqueous two-phase system PEG 4000/Potassium phosphate. The enzyme had its activity measured in each phase by the Biuret method. The purification factor (PF) was obtained in order to optimize the conditions for purification of the bromelain. It was used 03 pH 7.0, 8.0 and 9.0 values, varying the proportional composition in between the polymeric and the saline phases (tie-lines). It was used the purple variety of Curauá. The results showed that PEG system 4000/ potassium phosphate polymer with a higher concentration and at pH 7.0 produced better results in enzyme purification.
O curauá (Ananas erectifolius) é uma planta fibrosa encontrada no Norte e Centro-Oeste do Brasil, uma bromeliácea de características físico-químicas que lhe conferem grande potencial de utilização na indústria automobilística, como fonte de fibras. Como toda planta da família Bromeliaceae contém níveis significativos da enzima bromelina, de alto valor comercial e com ampla aplicação também na indústria farmacêutica, alimentícia e cosmética. Neste trabalho, foram realizados testes experimentais de extração da enzima proteolítica do curauá sob diferentes condições de pH e temperatura, medindo-se a atividade enzimática para cada um dos ensaios, utilizando-se o reativo de Biureto e determinando-se a temperatura e pH ótimos de sua utilização, ou seja, valores em que a atividade enzimática da enzima é máxima, com o objetivo de otimizar as condições de uso do resíduo para posterior purificação. Foram utilizadas as duas variedades comercialmente encontradas (branca e roxa). Os resultados mostraram que o curauá possui enzimas com atividade proteolítica, sendo o pH ótimo 8,5 para as duas variedades e temperaturas ótimas de 30 ºC para a espécie branca, e 10 °C, 20 °C e 35 ºC, para a roxa.
Abstract:The Curauá (Ananaserectifolius LB Smith) is a species belonging to the family Bromeliaceae. Occurs in the states of Para, Amazonas, Amapá, Acre, Mato Grosso and Goiás, has two varieties, purple and white, and its fibers are used in automotive and textile industries due to its strength, softness and lightweight. Currently, only the fiber is used in industry, the rest is considered waste. However, this residue contains compounds with important properties to be discovered and studied. An enzyme complex found in this residue is bromelain, a group of proteolysis' enzymes with application in several areas such as in the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetics industries. Today, its use is aiming the pharmaceutical industry, the production of ointments, gels, creams and lotions because they offer a wide range of therapeutic efficacies: antiedemas, anti-inflammatory, antithrombotic and fibrinolytic activities. This work studied the enzyme purification and recovery presented in the leaves of Curauá by means of an ATPS (aqueous two-phase system) PEG 4000/potassium phosphate. The protein content was measured by Bradford reagent and the enzymatic activity was measured by the Biuret reagent. Batch assays were performed aiming the enzyme extraction and recuperation, using the partition coefficient as indicator. It was used pH 7.0, 8.0 and 9.0, varying the proportional composition between the polymeric and the saline phases (tie-lines). The white variety of Curauá was used. The best purification factor was 4.53 and about 113.04 µg/mL of total protein measured by Bradford.
A Deus, pelo dom da vida e pela lua que tem me dado para vencer.Aos meus pais, pela vida.Aos meus irmãos, sempre presentes em todos os momentos, pelo estímulo contínuo na justa medida, por acreditarem em mim, pelo amor, carinho, apoio e paciência.Ao professor Dr. Elias Basile Tambourgi, pela oportunidade, orientação, confiança e incentivo nesta caminhada.
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