Introduction Despite the global scale‐up of HIV testing, prevention and treatment, these services remain inaccessible to groups most vulnerable to HIV. Globally, most new HIV infections are concentrated among members of key populations (KP), including female sex workers, men who have sex with men, transgender people, people who inject drugs and their sexual partners. These populations lag in access to HIV prevention and antiretroviral therapy (ART) and have less favourable HIV outcomes compared to the general population. Intersecting behavioural and structural factors contribute to these gaps in service access for at‐risk KP and those living with HIV; corresponding comprehensive approaches to improving service delivery for KP are urgently needed. Differentiated service delivery (DSD) models tailor HIV programmes to the needs and preferences of specific groups but are rarely implemented at scale for KP. We describe the FIKIA Project, which implemented innovative approaches to scaling up DSD models to reach and engage KP in Tanzania. Methods The FIKIA Project worked with diverse KP communities in Tanzania to tailor HIV services to their needs and to pair healthcare workers with trained peer educators and expert client counsellors to expand uptake of community‐based HIV testing and ART services. We analysed routine aggregate project data from 2016 to 2020 to describe project implementation, outcomes and best practices. Results and discussion The FIKIA Project conducted 1,831,441 HIV tests in community settings; of the 98,349 (5.4%) individuals with new HIV diagnoses, 89,640 (91.1%) initiated ART. The project reached substantial numbers of KP: 203,233 received HIV tests, 28,830 (14.2%) received a new HIV diagnosis and 25,170 KP (87.3%) initiated ART at the point of diagnosis. Over time, HIV testing increased by 1.6 times overall (2.3 times among KP), HIV diagnoses increased by 8.7 times (10.9 times among KP) and ART initiation at the point of diagnosis increased from 80.0% to 95.9% overall (from 69.6% to 94.9% among KP). Conclusions Over four years, the FIKIA Project scaled up HIV testing, diagnosis and treatment by using DSD principles to design services that meet the needs of KP and their communities.

In Tanzania, health information-seeking behavior among health care providers is not yet fascinating enough to provide high quality health services. Little is known about how health care providers integrate what they find from various information sources, to improve both preventive and curative health services. The purpose of the study was to determine factors influencing health information-seeking behavior and utilization of ICT resources among health care providers to provide high quality health services. A cross sectional study was conducted in July 2008 among 202 health care providers in Tanga region. The results show that health care providers located in urban areas were more likely to search health information and use it than those in rural areas (OR =14.18; 95% CI: 1.96, 288.6). Health care providers in both urban and rural health facilities should continuously be trained on how to search and use health information. Keywords Health Care Providers, Health InformationSeeking Behavior, Location of the Health Facilities, Training BackgroundInformation-seeking behavior has been defined by Wilson as 'the totality of human behavior in relation to sources and channels of information, including both active and passive information-seeking and information use'[1]. Information-seeking behavior by health professionals embraces a pattern of information resource use, time spent searching, barriers to information searching and information searching skills [2].The development of knowledge among health care providers is dependent on continuing access to relevant, reliable information through effective cooperation and flow of information among all stakeholders involved in the provision and use of information [3]. Health care systems around the world are facing major challenges related to communicable diseases, chronic diseases, demographic changes, nursing shortages, medical accidents and rising costs [4]. Health care service in the rural areas where most of the communities live is abhorrently inadequate [5].WHO reported that the use of ICTs in health is not merely about technology, but a means to reach a series of desired outcomes, such as enabling health workers making better treatment decisions, hospitals providing higher quality and safer care, people making informed choices about their own health, governments becoming more responsive to health needs, national and local information systems supporting the development of effective, efficient and equitable health systems, policy makers and the public aware being of the made health risks and people having better access to the information and knowledge they need for better health [6].Cost-effective methods are needed to identify and build key information skills for each professional group (nurse, doctor, researcher, librarian, and journal editor) -different groups will require different levels and types of skills basic training and continuing professional development should be tailored accordingly [3].Many of the practical frustrations encountered by participants in t...