-In this paper, kinetic modeling techniques for complex chemical processes are reviewed. After a brief historical overview of chemical kinetics, an overview is given of the theoretical background of kinetic modeling of elementary steps and of multistep reactions. Classic lumping techniques are introduced and analyzed. Two examples of lumped kinetic models (atmospheric gasoil hydrotreating and residue hydroprocessing) developed at IFP Energies nouvelles (IFPEN) are presented. The largest part of this review describes advanced kinetic modeling strategies, in which the molecular detail is retained, i.e. the reactions are represented between molecules or even subdivided into elementary steps. To be able to retain this molecular level throughout the kinetic model and the reactor simulations, several hurdles have to be cleared first: (i) the feedstock needs to be described in terms of molecules, (ii) large reaction networks need to be automatically generated, and (iii) a large number of rate equations with their rate parameters need to be derived. For these three obstacles, molecular reconstruction techniques, deterministic or stochastic network generation programs, and single-event micro-kinetics and/or linear free energy relationships have been applied at IFPEN, as illustrated by several examples of kinetic models for industrial refining processes.Résumé -Une revue de méthodes de modélisation cinétique pour des procédés complexesDans cet article, les techniques de modélisation cinétique des processus chimiques complexes sont examinées. Après un bref aperçu historique de la cinétique chimique, un aperçu des bases théoriques de la modélisation cinétique d'étapes élémentaires et de réactions globales est présenté. Les techniques classiques de regroupement (lumping) sont ensuite présentées et analysées. Deux exemples de modèles cinétiques regroupés (pour l'hydrotraitement de gazole atmosphérique et pour l'hydrotraitement de résidus) développés à IFP Energies nouvelles (IFPEN) sont présentés. La plus grande partie de cette revue décrit des stratégies avancées de modélisation cinétique, dans lesquelles le détail moléculaire est retenu : les réactions entre les molécules sont représentées ou même subdivisées en étapes élémentaires. Pour être en mesure de conserver ce niveau moléculaire à la fois dans le modèle cinétique et dans les simulations de réacteurs, plusieurs obstacles doivent d'abord être éliminés : (i) la charge doit être décrite en termes de molécules, (ii) les grands réseaux réactionnels doivent être générés automatiquement et (iii) un grand nombre d'équations de vitesse avec leurs paramètres de vitesse doit être dérivé. Pour ces trois obstacles, des techniques de reconstruction moléculaire, des programmes de génération de réseaux déterministes ou stochastiques, et des modèles microcinétiques basés sur des événements constitutifs (single events) et/ou des
Pinheiro, Ana Hudebine, Damien Dupassieux, Nathalie Geantet, ChristopheA potential valorization pathway for pyrolysis oils from lignocellulosic biomass is their co-hydrotreatment with petroleum cuts to produce transportation fuels. The study of simultaneous hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) and hydrodesulfurization (HDS) reactions is therefore essential before considering such a co-treatment. The influence of different oxygenated compounds on the hydrotreatment of a straight-run gas oil was studied on a CoMo/gamma-Al2O3 catalyst and under industrial operating conditions. The selected compounds were 2-propanol, cyclopentanone, anisole, guaiacol, propanoic acid, and ethyldecanoate, which are representative of the oxygenated chemical families present in bio-oils. Reaction schemes of HDO reactions were proposed for each studied oxygenated compound, and their impact on the gas oil HDS, hydrodenitrogenation (HDN), and aromatic ring hydrogenation (HDCA) was determined. Under our operating conditions, 2-propanol, cyclopentanone, anisole, and guaiacol were not found to be inhibitors of catalytic performances. On the contrary, propanoic acid and ethyldecanoate had an inhibiting effect on HDS, HDN, and HDCA reactions. This inhibition is attributed to a competition between the HDS reactions and the methanation of CO and CO2 formed during the decomposition of ethers and acids. The impact on HDS conversion of dibenzothiophenic compounds was also studied, showing no differences of the inhibiting effect between these molecules
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