The rise of public policies in the field of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) suggests a reassertion of state power over a phenomenon initially designed to weaken public authorities. But depending on policy objectives and underlying state-business relationships, CSR public policies seem to oscillate between the steering of corporate conduct towards political goals and the provision of political support to business interests. The present paper offers new perspectives on this ambiguity. Using social systems theory to guide a comparative study of two major Indian CSR policies, the analysis distinguishes two levels. At a functional level, the introduction of CSR in Indian regulatory politics produced more or less constraining expectations that open up opportunities for companies to participate in the performance of political functions. At an operational level, however, even a “mandatory” policy designed primarily according to political calculations let companies decide how they perform these functions. This persistence of voluntarism, which is supported by the semantic properties of “CSR,” consolidates the role of profit-driven calculations in the regulation of corporate conduct and, in the Indian case, in the redistribution of resources for social welfare. Research perspectives on the implications of CSR public policies for democracy are outlined in concluding remarks.

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Research on political parties is a rich field, its origins dating back more than a century. Sociology played a crucial role in the foundation of party research. However, while party research has narrowed its scope and agenda, thus overlooking significant contributions from sociology, sociology has neglected the significance of political parties in the study of related social phenomena. To address this mismatch, the article explores how a sociological outlook on political parties can open up new research questions by conceptualizing political parties as embedded in societal processes, by accounting for various informal processes in party organizations, and by investigating the political profession with a comprehensive practice-based lens.

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Le compromis social autour du capitalisme, longtemps tributaire du conflit entre capital et travail, se joue aujourd’hui autour d’une opposition plus large entre accumulation du capital d’un côté, préservation de l’environnement et justice sociale de l’autre. À partir d’une analyse du cas indien en deux volets, l’un macrosociologique et l’autre portant sur une entreprise, l’article explore les ressorts de la crise du compromis social autour du « nouveau » capitalisme corporatif indien et les modalités d’émergence d’un possible renouvellement du compromis social. Adoptant une approche stratégique-relationnelle, nous montrons comment les réformes économiques initiées courant des années 1980 se traduisent dans les entreprises par un recentrage sur leurs performances économiques et financières. Difficilement compatible avec les termes préexistant du compromis social, ce recentrage est source de conflits locaux, qui se multiplient à l’échelle de l’Inde. En réaction, un nombre croissant d’organisations de la société civile se sont mobilisées et, traduisant les conflits locaux en problèmes de sociétés, elles parviennent progressivement à infléchir le cadre politique et institutionnel de régulation du capitalisme. Bien que les résultats de ces mobilisations soient récents, on peut y voir l’ébauche d’un nouveau compromis social, qui pourrait aboutir à une plus grande prise en compte des objectifs de préservation de l’environnement et de justice sociale.