The techniques used in this study demonstrated that brain activation to olfactory stimuli could be measured quantitatively such that differences between groups of subjects (in this case men and women) could be compared. Although localization of brain activation was not the major thrust of this study, activation to olfactory stimuli was found not only in brain regions previously associated with processing of olfactory information but also in several other areas of frontal cortex, in cingulate gyrus, and in several components of the limbic system. This is the first study in which activation in human brain parenchyma of normal humans to olfactory stimuli has been quantitated by fMRI.

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Spray drying is a suitable method for the manufacturing of many pharmaceutical drugs. Ideally, this method leads in one step to a dry solid with the appropriated particle size distribution (PSD) [1], the right polymorph with the desired crystallinity [2]. Moreover, it is implemented in the continuous mode, so a high productivity is a priori accessible. Therefore, when using spray-drying, there is then no need for large vessels. In practice many parameters have an impact on the PSD, the crystallinity and the physical nature of the powder (amorphous, mixture of forms [3], pure form, etc). It is even possible, by tuning the operating conditions such as the nature of the solvent or the solution concentration [4], to crystallize a single polymorphic form. This communication examines some of these parameters and exemplifies their influences on the final product.