Objective: Regarding the effect of obesity on subfoveal choroidal thickness (CT) and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness, controversial results have been reported in different patient groups. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of obesity on these parameters among young male subjects in comparison with age-matched non-obese healthy males. Methods: This prospective, cross-sectional study included both eyes of 50 obese young males and 50 healthy non-obese young males. The obese and the non-obese groups included subjects with a BMI of ⩾30 and ⩽25 kg/m², respectively. Subfoveal choroidal thickness and RNFL analyses were conducted by spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Results: Subfoveal choroidal thickness (321.0 ± 46.7 vs 338.4±35.3, p = 0.002) and RNFL thickness at temporal quadrant (73.4 ± 9.9 vs 76.4 ± 9.3, p = 0.008) was significantly lower in the obese group when compared to the non-obese group. The groups did not differ regarding peripapillary RNFL thickness at other quadrants (superior, inferior, or nasal) or regarding mean peripapillary RNFL thickness. Conclusion: Findings of this study demonstrated a negative correlation of obesity with subfoveal choroidal thickness and temporal quadrant peripapillary RNFL thickness. Larger studies on different patient groups with longer-term follow-up are warranted to better elucidate the ophthalmological effects of obesity.

Purpose Symptom control in the long-term with less side effects is important in perennial allergic conjunctivitis, since would improve quality of life. This study aimed to assess the clinical efficacies of topical cyclosporin A and subcutaneous allergen immunotherapy (SCIT) in terms of sign control in perennial allergic conjunctivitis. Methods This retrospective study included 20 adult patients with perennial allergic conjunctivitis and confirmed sensitization to house dust mites with skin prick test. Patients were assigned to either topical cyclosporine A treatment or SCIT. The participants were followed for 6 months, and signs scores were recorded at 1, 3 and 6 months. Results Overall, both cyclosporine and immunotherapy groups showed significant improvements in papillary reaction ( p = 0.011 and 0.003, respectively), limbal involvement ( p = 0.031 and 0.001), and conjunctival hyperemia ( p = 0.001 and p < 0.001) scores during the 6-month follow-up. However, only cyclosporine group showed a significant improvement in corneal involvement scores ( p = 0.015) during the study period. When scores at different time points were compared, significant improvement in conjunctival hyperemia was evident at 6 months in both groups when compared to baseline (cyclosporine group, 0.7 ± 0.68 vs. 2.4 ± 0.84, 70.8% decrease, p = 0.01; immunotherapy group, 0.3 ± 0.48 vs. 2.3 ± 0.95, 87.0% decrease, p = 0.004), whereas for limbal involvement such an improvement was only evident in the immunotherapy group (0.1 ± 0.32 vs. 1.3 ± 0.95, 92.3% decrease, p = 0.01). Conclusions Allergen immunotherapy and cyclosporin A treatment may provide effective sign relief in perennial allergic conjunctivitis. It may represent an encouraging treatment option particularly for cases with perennial allergic conjunctivitis refractive to other treatments and positive skin prick test to a specific allergen (house dust in the present study). Long-term relief by SCIT would reduce the side effects of polypharmacotherapy. Larger studies with longer follow-up are warranted to confirm our findings.

To compare central macular and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness using Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography (SD-OCT) among patients with hyperopic anisometropic, strabismic and mixed amblyopia and healthy controls. Method: This prospective, cross-sectional study included 39 amblyopic children, their fellow eyes and 20 healthy individuals. Central macular and RNFL (superior, nasal, inferior and temporal quadrants and mean RNFL) thicknesses were measured with SD-OCT. Results: Difference was not statistically significant in the central macular thickness when the anisometropic, strabismic and mixed amblyopia groups were compared among themselves, fellow eyes and healthy control group. In the anisometropic amblyopic group, the inferior RNFL and nasal RNFL values were significantly thicker compared to the fellow eyes (p=0.009, p=0.028, respectively). Mean RNFL measurements were significantly thicker in anisometropic and mixed groups in the amblyopic eyes compared to the fellow eyes (p=0.009, p=0.031, respectively). In the temporal quadrant, the RNFL was found to be statistically significantly thinner in the anisometropic and mixed amblyopic groups compared to the fellow eyes (p=0.049, p=0.010, respectively). Conclusions:There was no considerably difference in the central macular thickness among the amblyopia groups, fellow eyes and healthy controls. However, significant changes were found in the mean RNFL and certain quadrants of the RNFL thicknesses in the anisometropic and mixed amblyopic groups.