No abstract

It was found that the most common four mutations (M694V, M680I [G/C], E148Q, V726A) were similar to those previously reported from different regions of Turkey and this study might add some knowledge to the mutational spectrum data on FMF.

Although not as common as hemolysis and hyperbilirubinemia, lipemia is still an important type of interference [1]. Lipemia interference is mainly caused by three distinct mechanisms: light scattering or turbidity; volume displacement due to an increased non-aqueous phase; and the partition of analytes between polar and non-polar phases [2,3]. Analytes that are studied in clinical laboratories are mostly dissolved in the aqueous phase of serum/ plasma; thus, volume displacement errors can affect the accuracy of analyte measurements, especially those of electrolytes. As osmolality is a measure of the total particle number in the water phase of a given quantity of body fluid, lipemia will affect the measurement.The evaluation of lipemia interference is more complicated than studying hemolysis and icterus. There is no standardized material to simulate native lipemia [4,5]. In general, studies of lipemia interference are carried out with commercially available intravenous lipid emulsions (IVLE) that are used for parenteral nutrition [6,7]. However, IVLE solutions contain many components that are different from native lipemic serum/plasma. These components can affect routine biochemical tests as well as osmolality measurements. Currently, there is no report available on the effects of lipemia on measured serum osmolality.In view of these considerations, the aims of this study were to investigate the effects of lipemia on measured osmolality in native lipemic sera and IVLE-spiked sera, and to show whether IVLE is a suitable solution for lipemia interference studies, especially for osmolality measurements. Moreover, we present a new approach for mimicking lipemia by preparing native ultralipemic material (NULM) from lipemic sera and supplementing serum pools with this preparation.Blood samples were routinely drawn into plain tubes (Vacutainer SST II Plus, Becton Dickinson, Turkey). A serum pool was prepared from fresh and clear residual sera with triglyceride concentrations < 0.99 mmol/L. The mean total protein and triglyceride concentrations of this pool were 76 g/L and 0.88 mmol/L, respectively. This starting pool was divided into two portions (100 mL each): one for the preparation of the native lipemic pools and one for the preparation of the IVLE-spiked pools. We used a native ultralipemic material to prepare the native lipemic pool. To obtain the NULM, we prepared a highly lipemic serum pool from residual lipemic serum samples (triglyceride concentration > 22.60 mmol/L). This pool was centrifuged in a fixed-angle rotor at 30,000 g for 30 min (Sigma 3K30 centrifuge, Sigma Laborzentrifugen, Germany), and the upper lipid layer was separated and combined to form the NULM (the final triglyceride concentration of this material was 453 mmol/L). We used this material to spike the starting serum pool. To mimic native lipemia, one portion of starting serum pool was spiked with NULM at a dilution ratio of 1/20 (200 μL NULM was added to the 3800 μL starting serum pool; triglyceride concentration of this admixture was 22.83 mmo...

Obesity and overweight, often associated with increased risk for hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dislipidemia, and cardiovascular disease (CVD), are becoming a significant public health problem. 1 One of the substantial changes in serum lipid profile is decreased HDL-C level in obese and overweight individuals. 2 Although various mechanisms including increased cholesterol ester transfer protein activity, proinflammatory state and decreased adiponectin level have been described with regard to these changes, 3 the biochemical basis of this pattern is poorly understood. HDL-C particles can be divided into two main different groups: HDL2-C and HDL3-C, according to their size, density, electrophoretic mobility and apolipoprotein A (ApoA) content. HDL2

Background: Obesity and overweight are significant public health problems due to higher risk for coronary artery disease (CAD). It is very important to determine new predictive markers to identify the CAD risk in obese and overweight. To this aim, we analyzed HDL-C subclass and their paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) activity in obese, overweight and normal weight subjects. Method: 71 newly diagnosed obese, 40 overweight and 30 healthy subjects as a control group were enrolled the study. Serum lipids levels were determined with enzymatic colorimetric method. PON-1 activities and HDL-3 levels were determined by spectrophotometric methods. Non-HDL3-C concentrations were calculated with the subtraction of HDL3-C from total HDL-C. Results: The mean serum levels of total HDL-C, HDL3-C, Non-HDL3-C -C and ApoA1 were higher in control group than obese and overweight groups. There were a statistically significant difference between obese and control group in terms of Lp(a), hsCRP and HOMA index. Higher total PON-1, non-HDL3 PON-1 and HDL3 PON-1 activities were found in the control group compared to obese and overweight groups. Total HDL was weakly negative correlated with the HOMA index, BMI and waist circumference. There was a weak negative correlation between non-HDL3-C and waist circumstance. Conclusion: Abnormal HDL-subgroups pattern and decreased PON-1 activities causes increased risk for CVD in obese and overweight individuals. Therefore determination of HDL subgroups and their PON-1 activity improves risk prediction compared with measuring total HDL-C levels and its PON-1 activity alone. Body weight and insulin resistance appear to have a role in the decreased HDL-C levels and PON-1activity in obese.