IntroductionCardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Cardiovascular risk factors are present in increasingly younger populations and medical students are no exception.ObjectivesTo determine if there is a relationship between cardiovascular risk factors and academic performance in medical students enrolled during 2015 at Antenor Orrego Private University (UPAO) in Trujillo, Peru.MethodsA descriptive, cross‐sectional study was performed on a population of 78 second‐year medical students (74% female, mean age of 18.9±1.5 years). Family history of CVD, medical history, tobacco use, vital functions, body mass index, waist – hip index (WHI), serum glycemia levels, electrocardiogram and lipid profile (ATP III) were evaluated. Academic performance was measured using the grade obtained in the morphophysiology I course.ResultsCardiovascular risk factors associated (p<0.05) with poor academic performance were pre‐hypertension in women and men and a WHI > 0.8 in women.ConclusionsCardiovascular risk factors correlate with academic performance of medical students, which underlines the importance of mitigating such risk factors.Support or Funding InformationAntenor Orrego Private University (UPAO)

Annexin A1 (ANXA1) is the first member of the Lipocortin family, a calcium‐dependent phospholipid‐binding protein with potent immunomodulatory activity. ANXA1 is related to cellular proliferation, apoptosis, progression, and metastasis in cancer, and its expression is variable depending on the tumor type. Our research will compare the expression of ANXA1 in various forms of cancer and establish if the protein is up‐or down‐regulated. Methods We analyzed 1904 immunohistochemistry datasets from The Human Protein Atlas (HPA). The samples represent 20 different forms of cancer from 455 patients. The expression of ANXA1 was compared to the same in tissue samples from 137 healthy subjects, which meant the tissues of origins of primary tumors. The levels of ANXA1 expression were quantified using a visual grading method based on staining intensity (I) and cell fraction stained (F). The Q score (combination of stained cell fraction and staining intensity) was obtained by the product of (F)*(I). Results 9 of 20 cancer types showed increased protein expression (up‐regulation) comparison to their healthy counterparts. Eight cancer types showed decreased protein expression (down‐regulation). Three types of cancer showed no significant differences. Conclusion ANXA1 expression may serve as an important diagnostic marker for such a variety of different cancer types.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third leading cause of cancer‐related mortality globally. MicroRNAs (miRNAs, miRs), a class of small non‐coding RNA molecules, have demonstrated important roles in carcinogenesis and its progression through the regulation of the epithelialmesenchymal transition (EMT), oncogenic signaling pathways, and metastasis. Despite the increase in miRNA studies and extensive analyzes of their expression, the role and function of many individual miRNAs in CRC remains poorly understood. The aim of this study was to identify miRNA targets in CRC through data sequencing, which could be a solid prognostic prediction tool and help clinical strategy. Methods CRC gene expression data sets were collected from the public database, The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). In addition, web‐based tools were used to explore TCGA data, specifically the one developed by the Broad Institute TCGA GDAC Firehose, which provides data sets, algorithms, and analysis results standardized for TCGA. This pipeline has the following steps: The CLR (Context Likelihood of Relatedness) approach is applied to infer putative miRNA regulatory connections: gene; miRNA filtering: gene pairs based on Pearson's correlation (<= ‐0.3); and miRNA filtering: gene pairs based on predicted interactions in three sequence prediction databases (Miranda, Pictar, Targetscan). The CLR algorithm was applied on 617 miRs and 18012 mRNAs across 220 samples. After 2 filtering steps, the number of 9 miR:genes pairs were detected. Results The initial search with the term “Colorectal adenocarcinoma”, “COADREAD” yielded 631 cases. After the analysis of these samples, data on the significance miR:gene pairs were obtained and Table 1 shows the results of miR:gene pairs with corr < ‐0.30 and predicted interactions in three sequence prediction databases. About the miRNA connections, Table 2 shows all miRNA hubs with their associated genes in the putative direct target network. Finally, about gene connections, Table 3 shows all gene hubs with their associated miRNAs in the putative direct target network. Conclusion The use of miRNAs as biomarkers for CRC could provide a new and less invasive technique to detect CRC and help determine prognosis. These miRNAs and their targets require further evaluation for a better understanding of their associations, ultimately, with the potential to develop new therapeutic targets. Therefore, it is proposed to develop a screening panel that should consist of multiple miRNAs that would provide a more accurate and efficient screening tool for CRC.

Annexins are a well‐characterized multigene family of phospholipid‐binding and membrane‐bound proteins that are Ca2+‐regulated. ANXA1 expression is variable in tumor cells, ranging from high levels to none, which is why it is helpful to know the staining potential of various antibodies against the protein. Our research aims to evaluate the specificity of five antibodies used to detect ANXA1 expression in selecting different types of cancer and normal tissue and the differential specificity between the two groups. We examined a data set composed of 2177 samples from The Human Protein Atlas (HPA) as mentioned, cancer patients:1904 samples, and healthy persons: 273 samples. We examined the specificity of five different antibody types of detecting ANXA1 expression (HPA011271, HPA011272, CAB013023, CAB035987, and CAB058693). The specificity of each antibody against ANXA1 protein was evaluated using a staining scale of 0 ‐ 3.00, where 0 indicates no staining, 0.01‐1.0 low staining, 1.01 ‐ 2.0 medium staining, and 2.01 ‐ 3.00 high staining. Results CAB013023 had the highest staining values for both cancer and healthy samples; thyroid cancer and endometrial cancer had the highest staining values (2.75 and 2.80, respectively). Breast, head and neck, and bladder normal tissues stained the most intensely in healthy samples (3.00 in all three cases). The antibody's specificity for identifying ANXA1 expression suggests that this may be used as a prognosis and treatment marker in cancer.

Tumor radioresistance, or the lack of control of certain tumors with this treatment, can result in locoregional recurrence; therefore, there is great interest in understanding the underlying biology and developing strategies to overcome this problem. MicroRNAs (miRNAs, miRs) are small non‐coding RNAs that regulate gene expression at the post‐transcriptional level and participate in cancer invasion, progression, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance. Emerging evidence indicates that miRNAs play a critical role in modulating key cellular pathways that mediate response to radiation, influencing radiosensitivity of cancer cells through interaction with other biological processes such as cell cycle checkpoints, apoptosis, autophagy, epithelialmesenchymal transition, and cancer stem cells. Today, most studies on patient data report different, results on the miRNAs evaluated for each tumor type, highlighting miR‐106b whose overexpression can determine radioresistance both in vitro and in vivo by inhibiting apoptosis and promotion of cell proliferation. The objective of this study was to find the signaling pathways involved with miR‐106b‐mediated radioresistance. Methods CRC gene expression data sets were collected from the public database, The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). In addition, web‐based tools were used to explore TCGA data, specifically that developed by the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSK) cBioPortal for Cancer Genomics. The public site cBioPortal is hosted at the MSK Molecular Oncology Center, in which the term “colorectal cancer” was searched and 12 studies were selected, creating a single combined study which has 4341 patients and 4488 samples, within which the search for miR‐106b was carried out and the signaling pathways involved with the expression mediated by this miRNA were obtained. Results The following signaling pathways involved with miR‐106b were obtained: WNT, TP53, TGF‐Beta, RTK‐RAS, PI3K, NRF2, NOTCH, MYC, HIPPO, and its influence on the cell cycle was also noted. Conclusion miRNAs have been shown to play an important role in the regulation of CRC radio resistance, by controlling various signaling pathways, including cell cycle, proliferation, apoptosis, and DNA damage repair. Furthermore, these results are consistent with recent data that have shown that selective modulation of miRNA activity can improve the response to radiotherapy, providing an innovative antitumor approach based on miRNA‐related gene therapy. Therefore, miRNAs could also serve as targets for the development of new therapeutic strategies to overcome radiation resistance in CRC.